मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-8, verse-293
यत्रापवर्तते युग्यं वैगुण्यात प्राजकस्य तु ।
तत्र स्वामी भवेद दण्ड्यो हिंसायां द्विशतं दमम ॥२९३॥
तत्र स्वामी भवेद दण्ड्यो हिंसायां द्विशतं दमम ॥२९३॥
293. yatrāpavartate yugyaṁ vaiguṇyāt prājakasya tu ,
tatra svāmī bhaved daṇḍyo hiṁsāyāṁ dviśataṁ damam.
tatra svāmī bhaved daṇḍyo hiṁsāyāṁ dviśataṁ damam.
293.
yatra apavartate yugyam vaiguṇyāt prājakasya tu
tatra svāmī bhavet daṇḍyaḥ hiṃsāyām dviśatam damam
tatra svāmī bhavet daṇḍyaḥ hiṃsāyām dviśatam damam
293.
tu yatra yugyam prājakasya vaiguṇyāt apavartate
tatra svāmī daṇḍyaḥ bhavet hiṃsāyām dviśatam damam
tatra svāmī daṇḍyaḥ bhavet hiṃsāyām dviśatam damam
293.
However, if the draught animal turns aside due to the driver's fault, then the owner shall be penalized. For any injury (hiṃsā), the fine (dama) shall be two hundred.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- यत्र (yatra) - where, when, in which case
- अपवर्तते (apavartate) - turns away, strays, departs, turns back
- युग्यम् (yugyam) - the draught animal, the yoked animal, the vehicle
- वैगुण्यात् (vaiguṇyāt) - due to the fault, from the defect, by reason of imperfection
- प्राजकस्य (prājakasya) - of the driver, of the charioteer
- तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand
- तत्र (tatra) - there, then, in that case
- स्वामी (svāmī) - the owner, the master
- भवेत् (bhavet) - he should be, it may be, it would be
- दण्ड्यः (daṇḍyaḥ) - punishable, liable to fine, to be punished
- हिंसायाम् (hiṁsāyām) - in case of injury, in violence, in harm
- द्विशतम् (dviśatam) - two hundred
- दमम् (damam) - a fine, penalty
Words meanings and morphology
यत्र (yatra) - where, when, in which case
(indeclinable)
अपवर्तते (apavartate) - turns away, strays, departs, turns back
(verb)
3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of vṛt
present tense, 3rd person singular, middle voice
From root vṛt with prefix apa (away, back). apavṛt means to turn away, stray.
Prefix: apa
Root: vṛt (class 1)
युग्यम् (yugyam) - the draught animal, the yoked animal, the vehicle
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of yugya
yugya - fit for the yoke, draught animal, vehicle
Gerundive or derivative from yuga
From yuga (yoke) or root yuj (to yoke) + suffix ya.
Root: yuj (class 7)
वैगुण्यात् (vaiguṇyāt) - due to the fault, from the defect, by reason of imperfection
(noun)
Ablative, neuter, singular of vaiguṇya
vaiguṇya - fault, defect, imperfection, bad quality
From viguṇa (faulty) + suffix ya.
प्राजकस्य (prājakasya) - of the driver, of the charioteer
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of prājaka
prājaka - driver, charioteer, instigator
From pra + root aj (to drive) + suffix aka.
Prefix: pra
Root: aj (class 1)
तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand
(indeclinable)
तत्र (tatra) - there, then, in that case
(indeclinable)
स्वामी (svāmī) - the owner, the master
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of svāmin
svāmin - owner, master, lord
भवेत् (bhavet) - he should be, it may be, it would be
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū
optative mood, 3rd person singular, active voice
From root bhū (to be) + optative suffix.
Root: bhū (class 1)
दण्ड्यः (daṇḍyaḥ) - punishable, liable to fine, to be punished
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of daṇḍya
daṇḍya - punishable, to be punished, deserving punishment
Gerundive
From root daṇḍ (to punish) + suffix ya.
Root: daṇḍ (class 10)
हिंसायाम् (hiṁsāyām) - in case of injury, in violence, in harm
(noun)
Locative, feminine, singular of hiṃsā
hiṁsā - injury, harm, violence, damage
From root hiṃs (to injure)
Root: hiṃs (class 1)
द्विशतम् (dviśatam) - two hundred
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of dviśata
dviśata - two hundred
Compound: dvi (two) + śata (hundred)
Compound type : karmadhāraya (dvi+śata)
- dvi – two
numeral - śata – hundred
noun (neuter)
दमम् (damam) - a fine, penalty
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of dama
dama - fine, penalty, punishment, self-control
From root dam (to tame, punish, control)
Root: dam (class 1)