मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-8, verse-381
न ब्राह्मणवधाद भूयानधर्मो विद्यते भुवि ।
तस्मादस्य वधं राजा मनसाऽपि न चिन्तयेत ॥३८१॥
तस्मादस्य वधं राजा मनसाऽपि न चिन्तयेत ॥३८१॥
381. na brāhmaṇavadhād bhūyānadharmo vidyate bhuvi ,
tasmādasya vadhaṁ rājā manasā'pi na cintayet.
tasmādasya vadhaṁ rājā manasā'pi na cintayet.
381.
na brāhmaṇa-vadhāt bhūyān adharmaḥ vidyate bhuvi
| tasmāt asya vadham rājā manasā api na cintayet
| tasmāt asya vadham rājā manasā api na cintayet
381.
bhuvi brāhmaṇavadhāt bhūyān adharmaḥ na vidyate
tasmāt rājā asya vadham manasā api na cintayet
tasmāt rājā asya vadham manasā api na cintayet
381.
There is no greater unrighteousness (adharma) found on earth than the killing of a Brahmin. Therefore, the king should not even contemplate his murder in thought.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- न (na) - not (not, no)
- ब्राह्मण-वधात् (brāhmaṇa-vadhāt) - than the killing of a Brahmin (from killing a Brahmin, than killing a Brahmin)
- भूयान् (bhūyān) - greater (greater, more, abundant)
- अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - unrighteousness (adharma) (unrighteousness, injustice, impiety, violation of (dharma))
- विद्यते (vidyate) - exists, is found (is found, exists, is present)
- भुवि (bhuvi) - on earth (on earth, in the world)
- तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that)
- अस्य (asya) - his (referring to the Brahmin) (of him, his)
- वधम् (vadham) - murder, killing (killing, murder, slaughter)
- राजा (rājā) - the king (king, ruler)
- मनसा (manasā) - in thought, mentally (by the mind, mentally, with the mind)
- अपि (api) - even (also, even, too)
- न (na) - not (not, no)
- चिन्तयेत् (cintayet) - should contemplate (should think, should contemplate)
Words meanings and morphology
न (na) - not (not, no)
(indeclinable)
Note: Negates the verb `vidyate`.
ब्राह्मण-वधात् (brāhmaṇa-vadhāt) - than the killing of a Brahmin (from killing a Brahmin, than killing a Brahmin)
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇavadha
brāhmaṇavadha - killing of a Brahmin, murder of a Brahmin
Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (brāhmaṇa+vadha)
- brāhmaṇa – a Brahmin, a priest
noun (masculine)
Derived from brahman (ब्रह्मन्) + aṇ (अण्) suffix.
Root: bṛh (class 1) - vadha – killing, murder, slaughter
noun (masculine)
verbal noun
From root han (हन्) 'to kill' with the suffix -a (अ).
Root: han (class 2)
Note: Used in comparison: 'greater than'.
भूयान् (bhūyān) - greater (greater, more, abundant)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of bhūyas
bhūyas - greater, more, abundant, much
Comparative degree of bahu (बहु) 'much'.
Note: Comparative adjective.
अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - unrighteousness (adharma) (unrighteousness, injustice, impiety, violation of (dharma))
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of adharma
adharma - unrighteousness, injustice, impiety, wrong conduct, that which is contrary to (dharma)
From a- (अ-) 'not' + dharma (धर्म) 'righteousness, natural law'.
Compound type : negative tatpurusha (a+dharma)
- a – not, non, un-
indeclinable
Negative prefix. - dharma – righteousness, duty, law, justice, intrinsic nature, essential nature
noun (masculine)
verbal noun
From root dhṛ (धृ) 'to uphold, support, maintain'.
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
Note: Subject of the first clause.
विद्यते (vidyate) - exists, is found (is found, exists, is present)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vid
Present Middle
From root vid (विद्) 'to be, exist' (4th class). 3rd person singular, present tense, middle voice.
Root: vid (class 4)
Note: Main verb of the first clause.
भुवि (bhuvi) - on earth (on earth, in the world)
(noun)
Locative, feminine, singular of bhū
bhū - earth, ground, world
Note: Indicates location.
तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that)
(indeclinable)
Ablative singular of `tad`.
Note: Connects the two clauses, indicating consequence.
अस्य (asya) - his (referring to the Brahmin) (of him, his)
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of idam
idam - this, that, he, him
Genitive singular of `idam`.
Note: Possessive, modifying `vadham`.
वधम् (vadham) - murder, killing (killing, murder, slaughter)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of vadha
vadha - killing, murder, slaughter, blow
verbal noun
From root han (हन्) 'to kill' with the suffix -a (अ).
Root: han (class 2)
Note: Direct object of `cintayet`.
राजा (rājā) - the king (king, ruler)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan
rājan - king, ruler, sovereign
Root: rāj (class 1)
Note: Subject of the second clause.
मनसा (manasā) - in thought, mentally (by the mind, mentally, with the mind)
(noun)
Instrumental, neuter, singular of manas
manas - mind, intellect, understanding, thought
Root: man (class 4)
Note: Indicates the means or instrument.
अपि (api) - even (also, even, too)
(indeclinable)
Note: Emphasizes `manasā`.
न (na) - not (not, no)
(indeclinable)
Note: Negates `cintayet`.
चिन्तयेत् (cintayet) - should contemplate (should think, should contemplate)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of cint
Optative Mood
From root cit (चित्) (10th class, causative meaning 'to make aware, to think'). 3rd person singular, optative mood, active voice.
Root: cit (class 10)
Note: Main verb of the second clause.