मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-8, verse-382
वैश्यश्चेत क्षत्रियां गुप्तां वैश्यां वा क्षत्रियो व्रजेत ।
यो ब्राह्मण्यामगुप्तायां तावुभौ दण्डमर्हतः ॥३८२॥
यो ब्राह्मण्यामगुप्तायां तावुभौ दण्डमर्हतः ॥३८२॥
382. vaiśyaścet kṣatriyāṁ guptāṁ vaiśyāṁ vā kṣatriyo vrajet ,
yo brāhmaṇyāmaguptāyāṁ tāvubhau daṇḍamarhataḥ.
yo brāhmaṇyāmaguptāyāṁ tāvubhau daṇḍamarhataḥ.
382.
vaiśyaḥ cet kṣatriyām guptām vaiśyām vā kṣatriyaḥ vrajet
yaḥ brāhmaṇyām aguptāyām tau ubhau daṇḍam arhataḥ
yaḥ brāhmaṇyām aguptāyām tau ubhau daṇḍam arhataḥ
382.
cet vaiśyaḥ guptām kṣatriyām vrajet vā kṣatriyaḥ guptām vaiśyām
vrajet yaḥ aguptāyām brāhmaṇyām tau ubhau daṇḍam arhataḥ
vrajet yaḥ aguptāyām brāhmaṇyām tau ubhau daṇḍam arhataḥ
382.
If a vaiśya man approaches a protected kṣatriya woman, or a kṣatriya man approaches a protected vaiśya woman, (this constitutes an offense). However, if any man approaches an unprotected brāhmaṇa woman, then both of them (the man and the brāhmaṇa woman) deserve punishment.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- वैश्यः (vaiśyaḥ) - a man of the vaiśya class
- चेत् (cet) - if, supposing
- क्षत्रियाम् (kṣatriyām) - a kṣatriya woman
- गुप्ताम् (guptām) - protected, guarded, concealed
- वैश्याम् (vaiśyām) - a vaiśya woman
- वा (vā) - or, alternatively
- क्षत्रियः (kṣatriyaḥ) - a kṣatriya man
- व्रजेत् (vrajet) - should approach (for sexual relations) (should go, should approach)
- यः (yaḥ) - whoever, he who
- ब्राह्मण्याम् (brāhmaṇyām) - in/to a brāhmaṇa woman
- अगुप्तायाम् (aguptāyām) - unprotected, unguarded
- तौ (tau) - those two, both (masculine dual)
- उभौ (ubhau) - both (masculine dual)
- दण्डम् (daṇḍam) - punishment, fine (punishment, fine, stick)
- अर्हतः (arhataḥ) - they deserve, they are worthy of
Words meanings and morphology
वैश्यः (vaiśyaḥ) - a man of the vaiśya class
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśya
vaiśya - a man belonging to the third (vaiśya) class, merchant, agriculturist, producer
चेत् (cet) - if, supposing
(indeclinable)
क्षत्रियाम् (kṣatriyām) - a kṣatriya woman
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of kṣatriyā
kṣatriyā - a woman of the kṣatriya (warrior/ruler) class
गुप्ताम् (guptām) - protected, guarded, concealed
(adjective)
Accusative, feminine, singular of guptā
guptā - protected, guarded, hidden
Past Passive Participle
derived from root √gup (to protect, to conceal)
Root: gup (class 1)
वैश्याम् (vaiśyām) - a vaiśya woman
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of vaiśyā
vaiśyā - a woman of the vaiśya class
वा (vā) - or, alternatively
(indeclinable)
क्षत्रियः (kṣatriyaḥ) - a kṣatriya man
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣatriya
kṣatriya - a man belonging to the second (kṣatriya) class, warrior, ruler
व्रजेत् (vrajet) - should approach (for sexual relations) (should go, should approach)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of vraj
Optative Mood, Parasmaipada
3rd person singular Optative active of √vraj (class 1)
Root: vraj (class 1)
यः (yaḥ) - whoever, he who
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of yad
yad - which, what, whoever, whatever
Note: Refers to any man.
ब्राह्मण्याम् (brāhmaṇyām) - in/to a brāhmaṇa woman
(noun)
Locative, feminine, singular of brāhmaṇī
brāhmaṇī - a woman of the brāhmaṇa class
Note: Used here to denote direction 'towards' or 'in relation to' a woman.
अगुप्तायाम् (aguptāyām) - unprotected, unguarded
(adjective)
Locative, feminine, singular of aguptā
aguptā - unprotected, unguarded
Negative prefix 'a-' + Past Passive Participle of √gup
Compound type : karmadhāraya (a+guptā)
- a – not, un-
indeclinable
negative prefix - guptā – protected, guarded
adjective (feminine)
Past Passive Participle
derived from root √gup (to protect, to conceal)
Root: gup (class 1)
Note: Refers to the brāhmaṇa woman being unprotected.
तौ (tau) - those two, both (masculine dual)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, dual of tad
tad - that, those
Note: Refers to the man and the brāhmaṇa woman.
उभौ (ubhau) - both (masculine dual)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, dual of ubha
ubha - both
Note: Emphasizes 'both' in agreement with 'tau'.
दण्डम् (daṇḍam) - punishment, fine (punishment, fine, stick)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of daṇḍa
daṇḍa - stick, rod, staff, punishment, fine
Note: Object of 'arhataḥ'.
अर्हतः (arhataḥ) - they deserve, they are worthy of
(verb)
3rd person , dual, active, present (laṭ) of arh
Present Tense, Parasmaipada
3rd person dual Present active of √arh (class 1)
Root: arh (class 1)
Note: Subject is 'tau ubhau'.