मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-8, verse-398
शुल्कस्थानेषु कुशलाः सर्वपण्यविचक्षणाः ।
कुर्युरर्घं यथापण्यं ततो विंशं नृपो हरेत ॥३९८॥
कुर्युरर्घं यथापण्यं ततो विंशं नृपो हरेत ॥३९८॥
398. śulkasthāneṣu kuśalāḥ sarvapaṇyavicakṣaṇāḥ ,
kuryurarghaṁ yathāpaṇyaṁ tato viṁśaṁ nṛpo haret.
kuryurarghaṁ yathāpaṇyaṁ tato viṁśaṁ nṛpo haret.
398.
śulkasthāneṣu kuśalāḥ sarvapaṇyavicakṣaṇāḥ kuryuḥ
argham yathāpaṇyam tataḥ viṃśam nṛpaḥ hareta
argham yathāpaṇyam tataḥ viṃśam nṛpaḥ hareta
398.
śulkasthāneṣu kuśalāḥ sarvapaṇyavicakṣaṇāḥ
yathāpaṇyam argham kuryuḥ tataḥ nṛpaḥ viṃśam hareta
yathāpaṇyam argham kuryuḥ tataḥ nṛpaḥ viṃśam hareta
398.
Those who are skilled in toll booths and knowledgeable about all types of goods should determine the fair price for each commodity. From that, the king should collect a twentieth part as tax.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- शुल्कस्थानेषु (śulkasthāneṣu) - in toll stations, in custom houses
- कुशलाः (kuśalāḥ) - experts, skilled ones
- सर्वपण्यविचक्षणाः (sarvapaṇyavicakṣaṇāḥ) - those knowledgeable about all commodities
- कुर्युः (kuryuḥ) - they should determine (the price) (they should do, they should make, they should determine)
- अर्घम् (argham) - price, value, cost
- यथापण्यम् (yathāpaṇyam) - according to the commodity, as per the merchandise
- ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that
- विंशम् (viṁśam) - a twentieth part
- नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - the king
- हरेत (hareta) - he should collect (as tax) (he should take, he should collect)
Words meanings and morphology
शुल्कस्थानेषु (śulkasthāneṣu) - in toll stations, in custom houses
(noun)
Locative, neuter, plural of śulkasthāna
śulkasthāna - toll station, custom house
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śulka+sthāna)
- śulka – toll, tax, duty
noun (masculine) - sthāna – place, station, location
noun (neuter)
derived from √sthā
Root: sthā (class 1)
कुशलाः (kuśalāḥ) - experts, skilled ones
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of kuśala
kuśala - skilled, expert, proficient; wellbeing, auspicious
Note: Used here as a noun referring to people.
सर्वपण्यविचक्षणाः (sarvapaṇyavicakṣaṇāḥ) - those knowledgeable about all commodities
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of sarvapaṇyavicakṣaṇa
sarvapaṇyavicakṣaṇa - expert in all articles/commodities
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+paṇya+vicakṣaṇa)
- sarva – all, every
pronoun (masculine) - paṇya – commodity, article of trade, merchandise
noun (neuter)
Gerundive
Future Passive Participle from root paṇ (1P) 'to bargain'
Root: paṇ (class 1) - vicakṣaṇa – discerning, skilled, expert
adjective (masculine)
from √cakṣ 'to see, perceive' with vi
Prefix: vi
Root: cakṣ (class 2)
Note: Refers to the same 'experts' as kuśalāḥ.
कुर्युः (kuryuḥ) - they should determine (the price) (they should do, they should make, they should determine)
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of kṛ
optative mood
Parasmaipada, 8th class verb (tanādi gaṇa)
Root: kṛ (class 8)
अर्घम् (argham) - price, value, cost
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of argha
argha - price, value, cost; respectful offering
Note: The object of kuryuḥ.
यथापण्यम् (yathāpaṇyam) - according to the commodity, as per the merchandise
(indeclinable)
Avyayībhāva compound
Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+paṇya)
- yathā – as, according to, just as
indeclinable - paṇya – commodity, article of trade
noun (neuter)
Gerundive
Future Passive Participle from root paṇ (1P) 'to bargain'
Root: paṇ (class 1)
Note: Functions adverbially.
ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that
(indeclinable)
derived from tad with the suffix -tas
विंशम् (viṁśam) - a twentieth part
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of viṃśa
viṁśa - twentieth, a twentieth part
Note: The object of hareta.
नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - the king
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpa
nṛpa - king, ruler (literally 'man-protector')
compound of nṛ (man) and pa (protector, from √pā)
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)
- nṛ – man, person
noun (masculine) - pa – protector, guardian
noun (masculine)
from √pā 'to protect'
Root: pā (class 2)
Note: The subject of hareta.
हरेत (hareta) - he should collect (as tax) (he should take, he should collect)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of hṛ
optative mood
Parasmaipada, 1st class verb (bhvādi gaṇa)
Root: hṛ (class 1)