मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-8, verse-345
वाग्दुष्टात तस्कराच्चैव दण्डेनैव च हिंसतः ।
साहसस्य नरः कर्ता विज्ञेयः पापकृत्तमः ॥३४५॥
साहसस्य नरः कर्ता विज्ञेयः पापकृत्तमः ॥३४५॥
345. vāgduṣṭāt taskarāccaiva daṇḍenaiva ca hiṁsataḥ ,
sāhasasya naraḥ kartā vijñeyaḥ pāpakṛttamaḥ.
sāhasasya naraḥ kartā vijñeyaḥ pāpakṛttamaḥ.
345.
vāgduṣṭāt taskarāt ca eva daṇḍena eva ca hiṃsataḥ
sāhasasya naraḥ kartā vijñeyaḥ pāpakṛttamaḥ
sāhasasya naraḥ kartā vijñeyaḥ pāpakṛttamaḥ
345.
A person who commits violence (sāhasa) should be recognized as the greatest sinner, even more so than one with corrupt speech, a thief, or one who harms with force.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- वाग्दुष्टात् (vāgduṣṭāt) - than one with corrupt speech (from one with corrupt speech, than one with evil speech)
- तस्करात् (taskarāt) - than a thief (from a thief, than a thief)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- एव (eva) - indeed, even (indeed, just, only)
- दण्डेन (daṇḍena) - with force (by a stick, by punishment, by force)
- एव (eva) - indeed, even (indeed, just, only)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- हिंसतः (hiṁsataḥ) - than one who harms (with force) (from one who harms, injures)
- साहसस्य (sāhasasya) - of violence (of sāhasa, of violence, of audacity)
- नरः (naraḥ) - a person (man, person)
- कर्ता (kartā) - perpetrator (doer, maker, agent, perpetrator)
- विज्ञेयः (vijñeyaḥ) - should be recognized (to be known, to be understood, to be recognized)
- पापकृत्तमः (pāpakṛttamaḥ) - the greatest sinner (the worst evildoer, the greatest sinner)
Words meanings and morphology
वाग्दुष्टात् (vāgduṣṭāt) - than one with corrupt speech (from one with corrupt speech, than one with evil speech)
(adjective)
Ablative, masculine, singular of vāgduṣṭa
vāgduṣṭa - corrupt in speech, evil-speaking
Compound
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vāc+duṣṭa)
- vāc – speech, word
noun (feminine)
Root: vac (class 2) - duṣṭa – corrupt, evil, bad
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
ppp of √duṣ (to be corrupt, spoiled)
Root: duṣ (class 4)
तस्करात् (taskarāt) - than a thief (from a thief, than a thief)
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of taskara
taskara - thief, robber
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
Note: Conjunction
एव (eva) - indeed, even (indeed, just, only)
(indeclinable)
Emphatic particle
दण्डेन (daṇḍena) - with force (by a stick, by punishment, by force)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of daṇḍa
daṇḍa - stick, staff, punishment, force
एव (eva) - indeed, even (indeed, just, only)
(indeclinable)
Emphatic particle
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
Note: Conjunction
हिंसतः (hiṁsataḥ) - than one who harms (with force) (from one who harms, injures)
(participle)
Ablative, masculine, singular of hiṃsat
hiṁsat - harming, injuring, hurting
Present Active Participle
Present Active Participle (Parasmaipada) of √hiṃs (to injure, hurt)
Root: hiṃs (class 7)
साहसस्य (sāhasasya) - of violence (of sāhasa, of violence, of audacity)
(noun)
Genitive, neuter, singular of sāhasa
sāhasa - violence, audacity, rashness, crime
From sahas (power, strength) + aṇ
Root: sah (class 1)
Note: Qualifies kartā
नरः (naraḥ) - a person (man, person)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of nara
nara - man, person, human being
Root: nṛ
कर्ता (kartā) - perpetrator (doer, maker, agent, perpetrator)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kartṛ
kartṛ - doer, maker, agent, perpetrator
agent noun
Agent noun from √kṛ (to do, make)
Root: kṛ (class 8)
विज्ञेयः (vijñeyaḥ) - should be recognized (to be known, to be understood, to be recognized)
(gerundive)
Note: The 'should be' element is carried by the gerundive
पापकृत्तमः (pāpakṛttamaḥ) - the greatest sinner (the worst evildoer, the greatest sinner)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of pāpakṛttama
pāpakṛttama - worst evildoer, greatest sinner
Superlative form of pāpakṛt (evildoer)
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāpa+kṛt+tama)
- pāpa – sin, evil, bad
noun (neuter) - kṛt – doer, maker
noun (masculine)
agent noun
Agent noun from √kṛ
Root: kṛ (class 8) - tama – most, best (superlative suffix)
suffix
Superlative suffix
Note: Predicate adjective for naraḥ