मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-8, verse-369
कन्यैव कन्यां या कुर्यात तस्याः स्याद द्विशतो दमः ।
शुल्कं च द्विगुणं दद्यात्शिफाश्चैवाप्नुयाद दश ॥३६९॥
शुल्कं च द्विगुणं दद्यात्शिफाश्चैवाप्नुयाद दश ॥३६९॥
369. kanyaiva kanyāṁ yā kuryāt tasyāḥ syād dviśato damaḥ ,
śulkaṁ ca dviguṇaṁ dadyātśiphāścaivāpnuyād daśa.
śulkaṁ ca dviguṇaṁ dadyātśiphāścaivāpnuyād daśa.
369.
kanyā eva kanyām yā kuryāt tasyāḥ syāt dviśataḥ damaḥ
śulkam ca dviguṇam dadyāt śiphāḥ ca eva āpnuyāt daśa
śulkam ca dviguṇam dadyāt śiphāḥ ca eva āpnuyāt daśa
369.
yā kanyā eva kanyām kuryāt tasyāḥ dviśataḥ damaḥ syāt
ca dviguṇam śulkam dadyāt ca eva daśa śiphāḥ āpnuyāt
ca dviguṇam śulkam dadyāt ca eva daśa śiphāḥ āpnuyāt
369.
If a girl herself defiles another girl, for her there should be a fine of two hundred (units). And she should pay double the bride-price and indeed incur ten lashes.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- कन्या (kanyā) - a female person (perpetrator) (girl, maiden, virgin)
- एव (eva) - 'herself', emphasizing the agent (only, just, indeed, precisely)
- कन्याम् (kanyām) - another young, unmarried girl (the object of the action) (girl, maiden, virgin)
- या (yā) - who (refers to the first 'kanyā') (who, which, that)
- कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should defile or have sexual relations with (another girl) (should do, should make, should perform)
- तस्याः (tasyāḥ) - for her (the perpetrator) (her, of her, for her)
- स्यात् (syāt) - there should be (a fine) (should be, may be)
- द्विशतः (dviśataḥ) - a fine of two hundred (units/coins) (two hundred)
- दमः (damaḥ) - a monetary fine (fine, punishment, penalty)
- शुल्कम् (śulkam) - bride-price or compensation, perhaps for loss of maidenhood status (bride-price, nuptial fee, tax, toll)
- च (ca) - and, connecting two parts of the sentence (and, also, moreover)
- द्विगुणम् (dviguṇam) - twice the amount (of the bride-price) (double, two-fold, twice)
- दद्यात् (dadyāt) - should pay (the double bride-price) (should give, may give)
- शिफाः (śiphāḥ) - lashes for corporal punishment (whips, lashes, roots, branches)
- च (ca) - and, connecting the fine and the lashes (and, also, moreover)
- एव (eva) - 'indeed', reinforcing the punishment (only, just, indeed, precisely)
- आप्नुयात् (āpnuyāt) - should incur (the lashes) (should obtain, should reach, should incur)
- दश (daśa) - ten (lashes) (ten)
Words meanings and morphology
कन्या (kanyā) - a female person (perpetrator) (girl, maiden, virgin)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of kanyā
kanyā - girl, maiden, virgin, daughter
Note: The subject of the action
एव (eva) - 'herself', emphasizing the agent (only, just, indeed, precisely)
(indeclinable)
Emphatic particle
कन्याम् (kanyām) - another young, unmarried girl (the object of the action) (girl, maiden, virgin)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of kanyā
kanyā - girl, maiden, virgin, daughter
या (yā) - who (refers to the first 'kanyā') (who, which, that)
(pronoun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of yad
yad - who, which, that
Relative pronoun
कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should defile or have sexual relations with (another girl) (should do, should make, should perform)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of kṛ
Optative Active
Parasmaipada, class 8
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: The subject is 'yā kanyā'
तस्याः (tasyāḥ) - for her (the perpetrator) (her, of her, for her)
(pronoun)
Genitive, feminine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Demonstrative pronoun
Note: Used to indicate possession or a dative-like relationship ('for her')
स्यात् (syāt) - there should be (a fine) (should be, may be)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of as
Optative Active
Parasmaipada, class 2
Root: as (class 2)
Note: The verb 'to be' for the fine
द्विशतः (dviśataḥ) - a fine of two hundred (units/coins) (two hundred)
(numeral)
Compound type : dvigu (dvi+śata)
- dvi – two
numeral - śata – hundred
noun (neuter)
Note: Agrees with 'damaḥ'
दमः (damaḥ) - a monetary fine (fine, punishment, penalty)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dama
dama - fine, punishment, penalty, self-control
From root 'dam' (to tame, subdue, punish)
Root: dam (class 4)
शुल्कम् (śulkam) - bride-price or compensation, perhaps for loss of maidenhood status (bride-price, nuptial fee, tax, toll)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of śulka
śulka - bride-price, nuptial fee, tax, toll, duty
च (ca) - and, connecting two parts of the sentence (and, also, moreover)
(indeclinable)
Note: One 'ca' for 'śulkam' and another for 'śiphāḥ'
द्विगुणम् (dviguṇam) - twice the amount (of the bride-price) (double, two-fold, twice)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of dviguṇa
dviguṇa - double, two-fold, twice, consisting of two qualities
Compound of 'dvi' (two) and 'guṇa' (quality, multiplier)
Compound type : dvigu (dvi+guṇa)
- dvi – two
numeral - guṇa – quality, attribute, multiplier, thread
noun (masculine)
दद्यात् (dadyāt) - should pay (the double bride-price) (should give, may give)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of dā
Optative Active
Parasmaipada, class 3 (irregular form)
Root: dā (class 3)
Note: The subject is 'yā kanyā'
शिफाः (śiphāḥ) - lashes for corporal punishment (whips, lashes, roots, branches)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, plural of śiphā
śiphā - a lash, whip, root, branch
Note: The plural implies multiple lashes
च (ca) - and, connecting the fine and the lashes (and, also, moreover)
(indeclinable)
Note: This is the second 'ca' in the verse
एव (eva) - 'indeed', reinforcing the punishment (only, just, indeed, precisely)
(indeclinable)
Emphatic particle
Note: Intensifies the following verb
आप्नुयात् (āpnuyāt) - should incur (the lashes) (should obtain, should reach, should incur)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of āp
Optative Active
Parasmaipada, class 5
Root: āp (class 5)
Note: The subject is 'yā kanyā'
दश (daśa) - ten (lashes) (ten)
(numeral)
Note: Modifies 'śiphāḥ'