मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-8, verse-376
ब्राह्मणीं यद्यगुप्तां तु गच्छेतां वैश्यपार्थिवौ ।
वैश्यं पञ्चशतं कुर्यात क्षत्रियं तु सहस्रिणम ॥३७६॥
वैश्यं पञ्चशतं कुर्यात क्षत्रियं तु सहस्रिणम ॥३७६॥
376. brāhmaṇīṁ yadyaguptāṁ tu gacchetāṁ vaiśyapārthivau ,
vaiśyaṁ pañcaśataṁ kuryāt kṣatriyaṁ tu sahasriṇam.
vaiśyaṁ pañcaśataṁ kuryāt kṣatriyaṁ tu sahasriṇam.
376.
brāhmaṇīm yadi aguptām tu gacchetām vaiśyapārthivau
| vaiśyam pañcaśatam kuryāt kṣatriyam tu sahasriṇam
| vaiśyam pañcaśatam kuryāt kṣatriyam tu sahasriṇam
376.
yadi vaiśyapārthivau tu aguptām brāhmaṇīm gacchetām
vaiśyam pañcaśatam kuryāt tu kṣatriyam sahasriṇam
vaiśyam pañcaśatam kuryāt tu kṣatriyam sahasriṇam
376.
However, if a vaiśya (vaiśya) and a kṣatriya (kṣatriya) cohabit with an unprotected Brahmin woman (brāhmaṇī), then he should fine the vaiśya five hundred (coins), and the kṣatriya a thousand (coins).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- ब्राह्मणीम् (brāhmaṇīm) - a Brahmin woman
- यदि (yadi) - if (if, whether)
- अगुप्ताम् (aguptām) - unprotected (referring to the Brahmin woman) (unprotected, unguarded, not hidden)
- तु (tu) - however (but, indeed, however, on the other hand)
- गच्छेताम् (gacchetām) - they two should cohabit (implying sexual intercourse) (they two should go, approach, cohabit)
- वैश्यपार्थिवौ (vaiśyapārthivau) - a vaiśya and a kṣatriya (a vaiśya and a king/kṣatriya)
- वैश्यम् (vaiśyam) - a vaiśya
- पञ्चशतम् (pañcaśatam) - five hundred (coins) (five hundred)
- कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - (he, the king/judge) should impose (a fine) (he should do, make, impose)
- क्षत्रियम् (kṣatriyam) - a kṣatriya
- तु (tu) - and (to indicate a parallel action for the kṣatriya) (but, indeed, however)
- सहस्रिणम् (sahasriṇam) - (fine) of a thousand (coins) (liable to a thousand, possessing a thousand)
Words meanings and morphology
ब्राह्मणीम् (brāhmaṇīm) - a Brahmin woman
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of brāhmaṇī
brāhmaṇī - a Brahmin woman
Note: Object of 'gacchetām'.
यदि (yadi) - if (if, whether)
(indeclinable)
Note: Introduces a conditional clause.
अगुप्ताम् (aguptām) - unprotected (referring to the Brahmin woman) (unprotected, unguarded, not hidden)
(adjective)
Accusative, feminine, singular of agupta
agupta - unprotected, unguarded, not hidden
Negative prefix 'a-' + 'gupta'
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+gupta)
- a – not, non
indeclinable - gupta – protected, guarded
adjective
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root 'gup'
Root: gup (class 1)
Note: Modifies 'brāhmaṇīm'.
तु (tu) - however (but, indeed, however, on the other hand)
(indeclinable)
Note: Emphatic or adversative particle.
गच्छेताम् (gacchetām) - they two should cohabit (implying sexual intercourse) (they two should go, approach, cohabit)
(verb)
3rd person , dual, active, optative (liṅ) of gam
Optative Mood
3rd person dual, optative active
Root: gam (class 1)
Note: Dual subject is 'vaiśyapārthivau'.
वैश्यपार्थिवौ (vaiśyapārthivau) - a vaiśya and a kṣatriya (a vaiśya and a king/kṣatriya)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, dual of vaiśyapārthiva
vaiśyapārthiva - a vaiśya and a king/kṣatriya
Compound type : dvandva (vaiśya+pārthiva)
- vaiśya – a member of the third social class
noun (masculine) - pārthiva – king, ruler (son of the earth)
noun (masculine)
Note: Subject of 'gacchetām'.
वैश्यम् (vaiśyam) - a vaiśya
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of vaiśya
vaiśya - a member of the third social class, a merchant, farmer
Note: Object of 'kuryāt' (meaning 'impose upon').
पञ्चशतम् (pañcaśatam) - five hundred (coins) (five hundred)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of pañcaśata
pañcaśata - five hundred
Compound type : dvigu (pañca+śata)
- pañca – five
numeral - śata – hundred
noun (neuter)
Note: Object of 'kuryāt'.
कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - (he, the king/judge) should impose (a fine) (he should do, make, impose)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of kṛ
Optative Mood
3rd person singular, optative active
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: The implied subject is the king or judge administering justice.
क्षत्रियम् (kṣatriyam) - a kṣatriya
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of kṣatriya
kṣatriya - a member of the second social class, a warrior, ruler
Note: Object of 'kuryāt'.
तु (tu) - and (to indicate a parallel action for the kṣatriya) (but, indeed, however)
(indeclinable)
सहस्रिणम् (sahasriṇam) - (fine) of a thousand (coins) (liable to a thousand, possessing a thousand)
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of sahasrin
sahasrin - liable to a thousand, possessing a thousand
Suffix -in indicates possession or liability
Note: Describes the fine imposed on the 'kṣatriyam'.