मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-8, verse-383
सहस्रं ब्राह्मणो दण्डं दाप्यो गुप्ते तु ते व्रजन ।
शूद्रायां क्षत्रियविशोः साहस्रो वै भवेद दमः ॥३८३॥
शूद्रायां क्षत्रियविशोः साहस्रो वै भवेद दमः ॥३८३॥
383. sahasraṁ brāhmaṇo daṇḍaṁ dāpyo gupte tu te vrajan ,
śūdrāyāṁ kṣatriyaviśoḥ sāhasro vai bhaved damaḥ.
śūdrāyāṁ kṣatriyaviśoḥ sāhasro vai bhaved damaḥ.
383.
sahasram brāhmaṇaḥ daṇḍam dāpyaḥ gupte tu te vrajan
| śūdrāyām kṣatriya-viśoḥ sāhasraḥ vai bhavet damaḥ
| śūdrāyām kṣatriya-viśoḥ sāhasraḥ vai bhavet damaḥ
383.
tu brāhmaṇaḥ te gupte vrajan sahasram daṇḍam dāpyaḥ
kṣatriya-viśoḥ śūdrāyām sāhasraḥ damaḥ vai bhavet
kṣatriya-viśoḥ śūdrāyām sāhasraḥ damaḥ vai bhavet
383.
A brāhmaṇa man who approaches those (kṣatriya or vaiśya) women when they are protected should be made to pay a fine of a thousand (panas). For a kṣatriya or a vaiśya man approaching a śūdra woman, the fine should certainly be a thousand (panas).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- सहस्रम् (sahasram) - a thousand (coins or units of currency) (a thousand, a multitude)
- ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a brāhmaṇa, a man of the priestly class
- दण्डम् (daṇḍam) - punishment, fine
- दाप्यः (dāpyaḥ) - should be made to pay (a fine) (to be made to pay, to be caused to give)
- गुप्ते (gupte) - those two protected (kṣatriya and vaiśya women mentioned in the previous verse) (protected (feminine dual))
- तु (tu) - on the other hand, as for (but, on the other hand, indeed)
- ते (te) - those two (kṣatriya and vaiśya women from the previous verse) (those (feminine dual))
- व्रजन् (vrajan) - approaching (for sexual relations) (going, approaching)
- शूद्रायाम् (śūdrāyām) - in/to a śūdra woman
- क्षत्रिय-विशोः (kṣatriya-viśoḥ) - for a kṣatriya or a vaiśya (man) (of kṣatriyas and vaiśyas, for kṣatriyas and vaiśyas)
- साहस्रः (sāhasraḥ) - a fine of a thousand (panas) (relating to a thousand, a fine of a thousand)
- वै (vai) - indeed, certainly
- भवेत् (bhavet) - should be (should be, may be)
- दमः (damaḥ) - fine (punishment, fine)
Words meanings and morphology
सहस्रम् (sahasram) - a thousand (coins or units of currency) (a thousand, a multitude)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of sahasra
sahasra - a thousand, a multitude
Note: Refers to the amount of the fine.
ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a brāhmaṇa, a man of the priestly class
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa
brāhmaṇa - a man of the brāhmaṇa (priestly/learned) class
Note: Subject of 'dāpyaḥ'.
दण्डम् (daṇḍam) - punishment, fine
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of daṇḍa
daṇḍa - stick, rod, staff, punishment, fine
Note: Object of implied 'receiving' or 'paying'.
दाप्यः (dāpyaḥ) - should be made to pay (a fine) (to be made to pay, to be caused to give)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dāpya
dāpya - to be caused to give, to be made to pay
Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle) in causative voice
Derived from causative of √dā (to give), meaning 'to be made to give/pay'.
Root: dā (class 3)
Note: Implies 'he is to be made to pay'.
गुप्ते (gupte) - those two protected (kṣatriya and vaiśya women mentioned in the previous verse) (protected (feminine dual))
(adjective)
Accusative, feminine, dual of guptā
guptā - protected, guarded, hidden
Past Passive Participle
derived from root √gup (to protect, to conceal)
Root: gup (class 1)
Note: Agrees with 'te'.
तु (tu) - on the other hand, as for (but, on the other hand, indeed)
(indeclinable)
ते (te) - those two (kṣatriya and vaiśya women from the previous verse) (those (feminine dual))
(pronoun)
Accusative, feminine, dual of tad
tad - that, those
Note: Refers back to the women from verse 144897.
व्रजन् (vrajan) - approaching (for sexual relations) (going, approaching)
(verbal participle)
Note: Describes the action of the brāhmaṇa.
शूद्रायाम् (śūdrāyām) - in/to a śūdra woman
(noun)
Locative, feminine, singular of śūdrā
śūdrā - a woman of the śūdra class
Note: Denotes context of action.
क्षत्रिय-विशोः (kṣatriya-viśoḥ) - for a kṣatriya or a vaiśya (man) (of kṣatriyas and vaiśyas, for kṣatriyas and vaiśyas)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, dual of kṣatriya-viś
kṣatriya-viś - kṣatriya and vaiśya (classes)
Compound type : dvandva (kṣatriya+viś)
- kṣatriya – a kṣatriya man
noun (masculine) - viś – a vaiśya, a commoner, the vaiśya class
noun (masculine)
Note: Indicates for whom the fine applies.
साहस्रः (sāhasraḥ) - a fine of a thousand (panas) (relating to a thousand, a fine of a thousand)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of sāhasra
sāhasra - consisting of a thousand, relating to a thousand, a fine of a thousand
Note: Specifies the amount of the fine.
वै (vai) - indeed, certainly
(indeclinable)
भवेत् (bhavet) - should be (should be, may be)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū
Optative Mood, Parasmaipada
3rd person singular Optative active of √bhū (class 1)
Root: bhū (class 1)
Note: Predicates the nature of the fine.
दमः (damaḥ) - fine (punishment, fine)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dama
dama - punishment, fine, control, self-control