मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-8, verse-412
दास्यं तु कारयन्लोभाद ब्राह्मणः संस्कृतान द्विजान ।
अनिच्छतः प्राभवत्याद राज्ञा दण्ड्यः शतानि षट ॥४१२॥
अनिच्छतः प्राभवत्याद राज्ञा दण्ड्यः शतानि षट ॥४१२॥
412. dāsyaṁ tu kārayanlobhād brāhmaṇaḥ saṁskṛtān dvijān ,
anicchataḥ prābhavatyād rājñā daṇḍyaḥ śatāni ṣaṭ.
anicchataḥ prābhavatyād rājñā daṇḍyaḥ śatāni ṣaṭ.
412.
dāsyam tu kārayan lobhāt brāhmaṇaḥ saṃskṛtān dvijān
anicchataḥ prābhavatyāt rājñā daṇḍyaḥ śatāni ṣaṭ
anicchataḥ prābhavatyāt rājñā daṇḍyaḥ śatāni ṣaṭ
412.
tu brāhmaṇaḥ lobhāt prābhavatyāt anicchataḥ saṃskṛtān
dvijān dāsyam kārayan rājñā ṣaṭ śatāni daṇḍyaḥ
dvijān dāsyam kārayan rājñā ṣaṭ śatāni daṇḍyaḥ
412.
But if a brāhmaṇa, out of greed and by virtue of his authority, compels unwilling, ritually consecrated twice-born to perform servitude, he shall be fined six hundred by the king.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- दास्यम् (dāsyam) - servitude, service, slavery
- तु (tu) - but, indeed, however
- कारयन् (kārayan) - compelling, engaging in (causing to do, making perform, employing)
- लोभात् (lobhāt) - from greed, due to avarice
- ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a brāhmaṇa (member of the priestly class)
- संस्कृतान् (saṁskṛtān) - ritually consecrated (consecrated, purified, prepared, refined)
- द्विजान् (dvijān) - twice-born (brāhmaṇas, kṣatriyas, vaiśyas)
- अनिच्छतः (anicchataḥ) - unwilling, not desiring
- प्राभवत्यात् (prābhavatyāt) - from authority, on account of power
- राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king
- दण्ड्यः (daṇḍyaḥ) - punishable, to be punished, to be fined
- शतानि (śatāni) - hundreds (of coins/units) (hundreds)
- षट् (ṣaṭ) - six
Words meanings and morphology
दास्यम् (dāsyam) - servitude, service, slavery
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of dāsya
dāsya - servitude, slavery, service
From dāsa (servant) + ya suffix.
Note: Object of kārayan
तु (tu) - but, indeed, however
(indeclinable)
particle
कारयन् (kārayan) - compelling, engaging in (causing to do, making perform, employing)
(participle)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛ
kṛ - to do, make, perform
present active participle (causative)
Causative stem kāray + śatṛ suffix.
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Describes the action of the brāhmaṇa.
लोभात् (lobhāt) - from greed, due to avarice
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of lobha
lobha - greed, avarice, covetousness
From root lubh (to covet, desire)
Root: lubh (class 4)
Note: Expresses cause/reason
ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a brāhmaṇa (member of the priestly class)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa
brāhmaṇa - a man of the first class (priest, scholar)
From brahman (Veda, sacred knowledge)
संस्कृतान् (saṁskṛtān) - ritually consecrated (consecrated, purified, prepared, refined)
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, plural of saṃskṛta
saṁskṛta - consecrated, purified, refined, prepared, adorned, perfect, cultivated
past passive participle
From root kṛ (to do) with prefix sam.
Prefix: sam
Root: kṛ (class 8)
द्विजान् (dvijān) - twice-born (brāhmaṇas, kṣatriyas, vaiśyas)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of dvija
dvija - twice-born, a brahmin, a kshatriya, a vaishya, a bird, a tooth
Compound of dvi (twice) and ja (born).
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+ja)
- dvi – two, twice
indeclinable - ja – born, produced from
adjective (masculine)
kṛt suffix ḍa from jan
From root jan (to be born)
Root: jan (class 4)
Note: Object of kārayan.
अनिच्छतः (anicchataḥ) - unwilling, not desiring
(participle)
Accusative, masculine, plural of anicchat
anicchat - unwilling, not desiring, reluctant
present active participle (negative)
From an (negation) + icchat (present participle of iṣ, to desire).
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+icchat)
- an – not, un-
indeclinable
Negative prefix - icchat – desiring, wishing
participle (masculine)
present active participle
From root iṣ (to desire)
Root: iṣ (class 4)
Note: Adjective describing dvijān.
प्राभवत्यात् (prābhavatyāt) - from authority, on account of power
(noun)
Ablative, neuter, singular of prābhavatya
prābhavatya - supremacy, authority, power
From prabhu (master, lord) or prabhāva (power, influence) + tya suffix.
Prefix: pra
Root: bhū (class 1)
Note: Expresses cause/reason
राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of rājan
rājan - king, ruler
Root: rāj (class 1)
दण्ड्यः (daṇḍyaḥ) - punishable, to be punished, to be fined
(participle)
Nominative, masculine, singular of daṇḍya
daṇḍya - punishable, to be punished, to be fined, deserving of punishment
gerundive (future passive participle)
From root daṇḍ (to punish) + ya suffix.
Root: daṇḍ (class 10)
शतानि (śatāni) - hundreds (of coins/units) (hundreds)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, plural of śata
śata - hundred
Note: Object of implied 'fined'.
षट् (ṣaṭ) - six
(numeral)
Note: Used as an adjective for hundreds.