मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-8, verse-236
तासां चेदवरुद्धानां चरन्तीनां मिथो वने ।
यामुत्प्लुत्य वृको हन्यान्न पालस्तत्र किल्बिषी ॥२३६॥
यामुत्प्लुत्य वृको हन्यान्न पालस्तत्र किल्बिषी ॥२३६॥
236. tāsāṁ cedavaruddhānāṁ carantīnāṁ mitho vane ,
yāmutplutya vṛko hanyānna pālastatra kilbiṣī.
yāmutplutya vṛko hanyānna pālastatra kilbiṣī.
236.
tāsām cet avaruddhānām carantīnām mithaḥ vane
yām utplutya vṛkaḥ hanyāt na pālaḥ tatra kilbiṣī
yām utplutya vṛkaḥ hanyāt na pālaḥ tatra kilbiṣī
236.
cet tāsām avaruddhānām carantīnām mithaḥ vane,
yām vṛkaḥ utplutya hanyāt,
na pālaḥ tatra kilbiṣī
yām vṛkaḥ utplutya hanyāt,
na pālaḥ tatra kilbiṣī
236.
If, among those goats and sheep which are confined and grazing together in the forest, a wolf suddenly leaps up and kills one, then the shepherd is not guilty (kilbiṣī) in that instance.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- तासाम् (tāsām) - of those (goats and sheep from the previous verse) (of those (feminine))
- चेत् (cet) - if
- अवरुद्धानाम् (avaruddhānām) - of the confined ones
- चरन्तीनाम् (carantīnām) - of the grazing ones
- मिथः (mithaḥ) - mutually, together, reciprocally
- वने (vane) - in the forest, in a grove
- याम् (yām) - whichever one (of the goats/sheep) (which (feminine singular))
- उत्प्लुत्य (utplutya) - leaping up suddenly (having leaped up, having jumped up)
- वृकः (vṛkaḥ) - wolf
- हन्यात् (hanyāt) - should kill, may kill
- न (na) - not, no
- पालः (pālaḥ) - shepherd, protector
- तत्र (tatra) - in that instance (of killing) (there, then, in that place/instance)
- किल्बिषी (kilbiṣī) - guilty (of fault) (guilty, sinful)
Words meanings and morphology
तासाम् (tāsām) - of those (goats and sheep from the previous verse) (of those (feminine))
(pronoun)
Genitive, feminine, plural of tad
tad - that, this, he, she, it
चेत् (cet) - if
(indeclinable)
अवरुद्धानाम् (avaruddhānām) - of the confined ones
(adjective)
Genitive, feminine, plural of avaruddha
avaruddha - confined, obstructed, restrained, besieged
Past Passive Participle
Past Passive Participle of √rudh with prefix ava
Prefix: ava
Root: rudh (class 7)
Note: Modifies 'tāsām'.
चरन्तीनाम् (carantīnām) - of the grazing ones
(adjective)
Genitive, feminine, plural of carant
carant - moving, walking, grazing
Present Active Participle
Present active participle of √car
Root: car (class 1)
Note: Modifies 'tāsām'.
मिथः (mithaḥ) - mutually, together, reciprocally
(indeclinable)
वने (vane) - in the forest, in a grove
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of vana
vana - forest, wood, grove, thicket
याम् (yām) - whichever one (of the goats/sheep) (which (feminine singular))
(pronoun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of yad
yad - who, which, what
उत्प्लुत्य (utplutya) - leaping up suddenly (having leaped up, having jumped up)
(indeclinable)
absolutive
Absolutive (gerund) of √plu with prefix ud
Prefix: ud
Root: plu (class 1)
वृकः (vṛkaḥ) - wolf
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛka
vṛka - wolf
हन्यात् (hanyāt) - should kill, may kill
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of han
optative
3rd person singular optative active of √han
Root: han (class 2)
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
पालः (pālaḥ) - shepherd, protector
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of pāla
pāla - shepherd, protector, guardian
Root: pā (class 2)
तत्र (tatra) - in that instance (of killing) (there, then, in that place/instance)
(indeclinable)
किल्बिषी (kilbiṣī) - guilty (of fault) (guilty, sinful)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kilbiṣin
kilbiṣin - guilty, sinful, vicious
Derived from 'kilbiṣa' (guilt) with suffix -in denoting possession or involvement