मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-8, verse-337
अष्टापाद्यं तु शूद्रस्य स्तेये भवति किल्बिषम ।
षोडशैव तु वैश्यस्य द्वात्रिंशत क्षत्रियस्य च ॥३३७॥
षोडशैव तु वैश्यस्य द्वात्रिंशत क्षत्रियस्य च ॥३३७॥
337. aṣṭāpādyaṁ tu śūdrasya steye bhavati kilbiṣam ,
ṣoḍaśaiva tu vaiśyasya dvātriṁśat kṣatriyasya ca.
ṣoḍaśaiva tu vaiśyasya dvātriṁśat kṣatriyasya ca.
337.
aṣṭāpādyaṃ tu śūdrasya steye bhavati kilbiṣam
ṣoḍaśa eva tu vaiśyasya dvātriṃśat kṣatriyasya ca
ṣoḍaśa eva tu vaiśyasya dvātriṃśat kṣatriyasya ca
337.
steye śūdrasya tu kilbiṣam aṣṭāpādyaṃ bhavati
vaiśyasya tu ṣoḍaśa eva kṣatriyasya ca dvātriṃśat
vaiśyasya tu ṣoḍaśa eva kṣatriyasya ca dvātriṃśat
337.
For a śūdra, the penalty for theft is eightfold. For a vaiśya, it is sixteenfold, and for a kṣatriya, thirty-two-fold.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- अष्टापाद्यं (aṣṭāpādyaṁ) - eightfold (the penalty) (eightfold, consisting of eight parts)
- तु (tu) - indeed, for (but, indeed, however)
- शूद्रस्य (śūdrasya) - of a śūdra
- स्तेये (steye) - in the case of theft (in theft, in the act of stealing)
- भवति (bhavati) - is, becomes (is, becomes, exists)
- किल्बिषम् (kilbiṣam) - the penalty, the guilt (fault, sin, guilt, penalty)
- षोडश (ṣoḍaśa) - sixteen (fold) (sixteen)
- एव (eva) - indeed, only (indeed, only, very)
- तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, however)
- वैश्यस्य (vaiśyasya) - of a vaiśya
- द्वात्रिंशत् (dvātriṁśat) - thirty-two (fold) (thirty-two)
- क्षत्रियस्य (kṣatriyasya) - of a kṣatriya
- च (ca) - and
Words meanings and morphology
अष्टापाद्यं (aṣṭāpādyaṁ) - eightfold (the penalty) (eightfold, consisting of eight parts)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of aṣṭāpādya
aṣṭāpādya - eightfold, consisting of eight parts
Compound of 'aṣṭā' (eight) and 'pādya' (related to parts/feet).
Compound type : bahuvrihi (aṣṭā+pādya)
- aṣṭā – eight
numeral
Feminine form of 'aṣṭan', used in compounds. - pādya – related to feet or parts, due to be paid (implying a measure or division)
adjective (neuter)
From 'pāda' (foot, quarter, part). In compounds like 'aṣṭāpādya', it signifies 'fold' or 'parts'.
Note: Acts as a predicate adjective to 'kilbiṣam'.
तु (tu) - indeed, for (but, indeed, however)
(indeclinable)
शूद्रस्य (śūdrasya) - of a śūdra
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of śūdra
śūdra - a member of the fourth social class
Note: Refers to the social class (varṇa).
स्तेये (steye) - in the case of theft (in theft, in the act of stealing)
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of steya
steya - theft, stealing
Derived from root 'sten' (to steal).
Root: sten (class 10)
भवति (bhavati) - is, becomes (is, becomes, exists)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū
Root: bhū (class 1)
Note: Parasmaipada form.
किल्बिषम् (kilbiṣam) - the penalty, the guilt (fault, sin, guilt, penalty)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of kilbiṣa
kilbiṣa - fault, sin, guilt, crime, penalty
Note: Subject of the clause.
षोडश (ṣoḍaśa) - sixteen (fold) (sixteen)
(numeral)
एव (eva) - indeed, only (indeed, only, very)
(indeclinable)
तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, however)
(indeclinable)
वैश्यस्य (vaiśyasya) - of a vaiśya
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of vaiśya
vaiśya - a member of the third social class (merchant/farmer)
Derived from 'viś' (settlement, community).
Root: viś
द्वात्रिंशत् (dvātriṁśat) - thirty-two (fold) (thirty-two)
(numeral)
Compound type : dvandva (dvi+triṃśat)
- dvi – two
numeral - triṃśat – thirty
numeral
क्षत्रियस्य (kṣatriyasya) - of a kṣatriya
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of kṣatriya
kṣatriya - a member of the warrior/ruling class
Derived from 'kṣatra' (rule, dominion).
Root: kṣi
Note: Refers to the social class (varṇa).
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
Note: Connects 'dvātriṃśat' and 'kṣatriyasya'.