मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-8, verse-380
न जातु ब्राह्मणं हन्यात सर्वपापेष्वपि स्थितम ।
राष्ट्रादेनं बहिः कुर्यात समग्रधनमक्षतम ॥३८०॥
राष्ट्रादेनं बहिः कुर्यात समग्रधनमक्षतम ॥३८०॥
380. na jātu brāhmaṇaṁ hanyāt sarvapāpeṣvapi sthitam ,
rāṣṭrādenaṁ bahiḥ kuryāt samagradhanamakṣatam.
rāṣṭrādenaṁ bahiḥ kuryāt samagradhanamakṣatam.
380.
na jātu brāhmaṇam hanyāt sarva-pāpeṣu api sthitam
| rāṣṭrāt enam bahiḥ kuryāt samagra-dhanam akṣatam
| rāṣṭrāt enam bahiḥ kuryāt samagra-dhanam akṣatam
380.
jātu sarvapāpeṣu api sthitam brāhmaṇam na hanyāt
enam rāṣṭrāt samagradhanam akṣatam bahiḥ kuryāt
enam rāṣṭrāt samagradhanam akṣatam bahiḥ kuryāt
380.
One should never kill a Brahmin, even if he is steeped in all sins. Instead, one should banish him from the kingdom, ensuring all his wealth remains intact.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- न (na) - not, never (not, no)
- जातु (jātu) - ever, by any means (used with `na` to mean 'never') (ever, at any time, by any means)
- ब्राह्मणम् (brāhmaṇam) - a Brahmin (the object of the verb) (a Brahmin)
- हन्यात् (hanyāt) - should kill (should kill, may kill)
- सर्व-पापेषु (sarva-pāpeṣu) - steeped in all sins (in all sins, concerning all sins)
- अपि (api) - even (also, even, too)
- स्थितम् (sthitam) - steeped in, having committed (standing, situated, existing, steeped in)
- राष्ट्रात् (rāṣṭrāt) - from the kingdom (from the kingdom, from the country)
- एनम् (enam) - him (the Brahmin) (him, this one)
- बहिः (bahiḥ) - out, outside (outside, out, externally)
- कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should expel (with `bahiḥ`) (should do, should make, should perform)
- समग्र-धनम् (samagra-dhanam) - with all his wealth (with all wealth, complete wealth)
- अक्षतम् (akṣatam) - intact, undamaged (uninjured, unimpaired, whole, intact)
Words meanings and morphology
न (na) - not, never (not, no)
(indeclinable)
Note: Negates the verb `hanyāt`.
जातु (jātu) - ever, by any means (used with `na` to mean 'never') (ever, at any time, by any means)
(indeclinable)
Note: Adverb emphasizing negation.
ब्राह्मणम् (brāhmaṇam) - a Brahmin (the object of the verb) (a Brahmin)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa
brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, a priest, relating to Brahman
Derived from brahman (ब्रह्मन्) + aṇ (अण्) suffix.
Root: bṛh (class 1)
Note: Direct object of `hanyāt`.
हन्यात् (hanyāt) - should kill (should kill, may kill)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of han
Optative Mood
From root han (हन्). 3rd person singular, optative mood, active voice.
Root: han (class 2)
Note: Main verb of the first clause.
सर्व-पापेषु (sarva-pāpeṣu) - steeped in all sins (in all sins, concerning all sins)
(noun)
Locative, neuter, plural of sarvapāpa
sarvapāpa - all sins, every sin
Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+pāpa)
- sarva – all, every, whole
adjective (masculine) - pāpa – sin, evil, wickedness, vice
noun (neuter)
Note: Indicates the state or condition.
अपि (api) - even (also, even, too)
(indeclinable)
Note: Emphasizes `sarvapāpeṣu`.
स्थितम् (sthitam) - steeped in, having committed (standing, situated, existing, steeped in)
(participle)
Accusative, masculine, singular of sthita
sthita - standing, situated, fixed, firm, existing, steeped in
Past Passive Participle
From root sthā (स्था) 'to stand' + kta (क्त) suffix.
Root: sthā (class 1)
Note: Agrees with `brāhmaṇam`.
राष्ट्रात् (rāṣṭrāt) - from the kingdom (from the kingdom, from the country)
(noun)
Ablative, neuter, singular of rāṣṭra
rāṣṭra - kingdom, country, realm, state
Note: Indicates separation from the kingdom.
एनम् (enam) - him (the Brahmin) (him, this one)
(pronoun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of ena
ena - this, that, he, him
Note: Direct object of `kuryāt`.
बहिः (bahiḥ) - out, outside (outside, out, externally)
(indeclinable)
Note: Used with `kuryāt` to mean 'expel'.
कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should expel (with `bahiḥ`) (should do, should make, should perform)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of kṛ
Optative Mood
From root kṛ (कृ). 3rd person singular, optative mood, active voice.
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Main verb of the second clause.
समग्र-धनम् (samagra-dhanam) - with all his wealth (with all wealth, complete wealth)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of samagradhana
samagradhana - entire wealth, all property
Compound type : karmadhāraya (samagra+dhana)
- samagra – whole, entire, complete, all
adjective (masculine)
From sam (सम्) + agra (अग्र) 'foremost, chief'.
Prefix: sam - dhana – wealth, property, riches
noun (neuter)
Root: dhā (class 3)
Note: Adverbial accusative, expressing the manner of expulsion.
अक्षतम् (akṣatam) - intact, undamaged (uninjured, unimpaired, whole, intact)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of akṣata
akṣata - uninjured, unimpaired, whole, intact, unwounded
Past Passive Participle (negative prefix)
From a- (अ-) 'not' + kṣata (क्षत) 'injured' (from root kṣaṇ/kṣaṇ 'to hurt').
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+kṣata)
- a – not, non, un-
indeclinable
Negative prefix. - kṣata – injured, wounded, damaged
participle (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
From root kṣaṇ (क्षण्) 'to hurt, injure' + kta (क्त) suffix.
Root: kṣaṇ (class 8)
Note: Adjective agreeing with `samagradhanam`.