मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-8, verse-238
तत्रापरिवृतं धान्यं विहिंस्युः पशवो यदि ।
न तत्र प्रणयेद दण्डं नृपतिः पशुरक्षिणाम । ॥२३८॥
न तत्र प्रणयेद दण्डं नृपतिः पशुरक्षिणाम । ॥२३८॥
238. tatrāparivṛtaṁ dhānyaṁ vihiṁsyuḥ paśavo yadi ,
na tatra praṇayed daṇḍaṁ nṛpatiḥ paśurakṣiṇām ,.
na tatra praṇayed daṇḍaṁ nṛpatiḥ paśurakṣiṇām ,.
238.
tatra aparivṛtam dhānyam vihimsyūḥ paśavaḥ yadi
na tatra praṇayet daṇḍam nṛpatiḥ paśurakṣiṇām
na tatra praṇayet daṇḍam nṛpatiḥ paśurakṣiṇām
238.
If animals damage unfenced crops there, the king should not inflict a fine on the animal keepers in that case.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- तत्र (tatra) - in that situation (there, in that case, then)
- अपरिवृतम् (aparivṛtam) - unfenced (referring to crops) (unfenced, unprotected, uncovered)
- धान्यम् (dhānyam) - crops (in a field) (grain, corn, crops)
- विहिम्स्यूः (vihimsyūḥ) - they (animals) should damage (the crops) (they should injure, they should harm, they should damage)
- पशवः (paśavaḥ) - animals (animals, cattle)
- यदि (yadi) - if (if, in case)
- न (na) - not (not, no)
- तत्र (tatra) - in that situation (there, in that case, then)
- प्रणयेत् (praṇayet) - he (the king) should inflict (a fine) (he should inflict, he should impose, he should lead)
- दण्डम् (daṇḍam) - a fine or punishment (fine, punishment, rod, staff)
- नृपतिः (nṛpatiḥ) - the king (king, ruler)
- पशुरक्षिणाम् (paśurakṣiṇām) - on the animal keepers (of the animal keepers, of the herdsmen)
Words meanings and morphology
तत्र (tatra) - in that situation (there, in that case, then)
(indeclinable)
Adverbial derivative from pronominal base 'tad'
अपरिवृतम् (aparivṛtam) - unfenced (referring to crops) (unfenced, unprotected, uncovered)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of aparivṛta
aparivṛta - unfenced, unprotected, uncovered
Past Passive Participle
Formed from pari-vṛ with prefix a- (negation). vṛta is PPP of vṛ (to cover, enclose).
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+parivṛta)
- a – not, non-
indeclinable
Negative prefix - parivṛta – enclosed, surrounded, covered
adjective
Past Passive Participle
PPP of √vṛ 'to cover, enclose' with prefix pari-
Prefix: pari
Root: vṛ (class 5)
Note: Agrees with dhānyam.
धान्यम् (dhānyam) - crops (in a field) (grain, corn, crops)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of dhānya
dhānya - grain, corn, crops
From dhā (to place, hold)
Root: dhā (class 3)
Note: Object of damage.
विहिम्स्यूः (vihimsyūḥ) - they (animals) should damage (the crops) (they should injure, they should harm, they should damage)
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of hiṃs
Optative mood, active voice, 3rd person plural
From √hiṃs (class 7, hiṃsati) with prefix vi-.
Prefix: vi
Root: hiṃs (class 7)
Note: Refers to paśavaḥ.
पशवः (paśavaḥ) - animals (animals, cattle)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of paśu
paśu - animal, cattle, beast
Note: Subject of vihimsyūḥ.
यदि (yadi) - if (if, in case)
(indeclinable)
Note: Introduces a conditional clause.
न (na) - not (not, no)
(indeclinable)
तत्र (tatra) - in that situation (there, in that case, then)
(indeclinable)
Adverbial derivative from pronominal base 'tad'
Note: Connects to the main clause.
प्रणयेत् (praṇayet) - he (the king) should inflict (a fine) (he should inflict, he should impose, he should lead)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of nī
Optative mood, active voice, 3rd person singular
From √nī (class 1, nayati) with prefix pra-.
Prefix: pra
Root: nī (class 1)
Note: Verb for nṛpatiḥ.
दण्डम् (daṇḍam) - a fine or punishment (fine, punishment, rod, staff)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of daṇḍa
daṇḍa - rod, staff, punishment, fine
From √daṇḍ (to punish)
Root: daṇḍ (class 10)
Note: Object of praṇayet.
नृपतिः (nṛpatiḥ) - the king (king, ruler)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpati
nṛpati - king, ruler, lord of men
Compound of nṛ (man) + pati (lord).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pati)
- nṛ – man, men
noun (masculine) - pati – lord, master, husband
noun (masculine)
Note: Subject of praṇayet.
पशुरक्षिणाम् (paśurakṣiṇām) - on the animal keepers (of the animal keepers, of the herdsmen)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of paśurakṣin
paśurakṣin - animal keeper, herdsman
Compound of paśu (animal) + rakṣin (keeper).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (paśu+rakṣin)
- paśu – animal, cattle
noun (masculine) - rakṣin – protector, keeper
noun (masculine)
Agent noun from √rakṣ (to protect)
Root: rakṣ (class 1)
Note: Refers to the owners/keepers of the animals. Genitive usually indicates possession, but can also indicate "towards" or "on" in context of inflicting punishment.