मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-8, verse-230
दिवा वक्तव्यता पाले रात्रौ स्वामिनि तद्गृहे ।
योगक्षेमेऽन्यथा चेत तु पालो वक्तव्यतामियात ॥२३०॥
योगक्षेमेऽन्यथा चेत तु पालो वक्तव्यतामियात ॥२३०॥
230. divā vaktavyatā pāle rātrau svāmini tadgṛhe ,
yogakṣeme'nyathā cet tu pālo vaktavyatāmiyāt.
yogakṣeme'nyathā cet tu pālo vaktavyatāmiyāt.
230.
divā vaktavyatā pāle rātrau svāmini tadgṛhe
yogakṣeme anyathā cet tu pālaḥ vaktavyatām iyāt
yogakṣeme anyathā cet tu pālaḥ vaktavyatām iyāt
230.
vaktavyatā divā pāle rātrau svāmini tadgṛhe
yogakṣeme cet anyathā tu pālaḥ vaktavyatām iyāt
yogakṣeme cet anyathā tu pālaḥ vaktavyatām iyāt
230.
During the day, the herdsman is accountable for the welfare and safety (yogakṣema) of the animals. At night, this responsibility lies with the owner in his own house. If this arrangement is otherwise, then the herdsman is to be held accountable.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- दिवा (divā) - during the day (by day, during the day)
- वक्तव्यता (vaktavyatā) - responsibility for the animals (accountability, responsibility, obligation)
- पाले (pāle) - on the herdsman (on the protector, in the herdsman, to the guardian)
- रात्रौ (rātrau) - at night (at night, in the night)
- स्वामिनि (svāmini) - on the owner (of the animals) (on the owner, in the master)
- तद्गृहे (tadgṛhe) - in the owner's house (in his house, in that house)
- योगक्षेमे (yogakṣeme) - regarding the welfare and safety of the animals (in welfare and security, regarding acquisition and preservation)
- अन्यथा (anyathā) - if the arrangement is otherwise (otherwise, differently)
- चेत् (cet) - if (if, supposing that)
- तु (tu) - then, indeed (but, indeed, on the other hand)
- पालः (pālaḥ) - the herdsman (the protector, the herdsman)
- वक्तव्यताम् (vaktavyatām) - accountability (accountability, responsibility (accusative))
- इयात् (iyāt) - would incur, is to be held (should go, would go, should incur, would attain)
Words meanings and morphology
दिवा (divā) - during the day (by day, during the day)
(indeclinable)
वक्तव्यता (vaktavyatā) - responsibility for the animals (accountability, responsibility, obligation)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of vaktavyatā
vaktavyatā - accountability, responsibility, obligation, state of being speakable/to be spoken
Derived from 'vaktavya' (gerundive of 'vac' - to speak) + 'tā' (suffix for abstract noun)
Root: vac (class 2)
पाले (pāle) - on the herdsman (on the protector, in the herdsman, to the guardian)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of pāla
pāla - protector, guardian, herdsman, keeper
From root 'pā' (to protect)
Root: pā (class 2)
रात्रौ (rātrau) - at night (at night, in the night)
(noun)
Locative, feminine, singular of rātri
rātri - night
स्वामिनि (svāmini) - on the owner (of the animals) (on the owner, in the master)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of svāmin
svāmin - owner, master, lord, proprietor
From 'sva' (one's own) + 'in' (possessive suffix)
तद्गृहे (tadgṛhe) - in the owner's house (in his house, in that house)
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of tadgṛha
tadgṛha - his house, that house
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tad+gṛha)
- tad – that, his, her, its
pronoun (neuter) - gṛha – house, home, dwelling
noun (neuter)
योगक्षेमे (yogakṣeme) - regarding the welfare and safety of the animals (in welfare and security, regarding acquisition and preservation)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of yogakṣema
yogakṣema - welfare and security, maintenance and prosperity, acquisition and preservation
Compound type : dvandva (yoga+kṣema)
- yoga – union, spiritual discipline, acquisition, effort (yoga)
noun (masculine)
Root: yuj (class 7) - kṣema – welfare, security, preservation, prosperity
noun (masculine)
Root: kṣi (class 1)
Note: Refers to the welfare and safety (yogakṣema) of the animals.
अन्यथा (anyathā) - if the arrangement is otherwise (otherwise, differently)
(indeclinable)
चेत् (cet) - if (if, supposing that)
(indeclinable)
तु (tu) - then, indeed (but, indeed, on the other hand)
(indeclinable)
पालः (pālaḥ) - the herdsman (the protector, the herdsman)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of pāla
pāla - protector, guardian, herdsman, keeper
From root 'pā' (to protect)
Root: pā (class 2)
वक्तव्यताम् (vaktavyatām) - accountability (accountability, responsibility (accusative))
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of vaktavyatā
vaktavyatā - accountability, responsibility, obligation, state of being speakable/to be spoken
Derived from 'vaktavya' (gerundive of 'vac' - to speak) + 'tā' (suffix for abstract noun)
Root: vac (class 2)
इयात् (iyāt) - would incur, is to be held (should go, would go, should incur, would attain)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of i
Root: i (class 2)