मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-8, verse-277
विट शूद्रयोरेवमेव स्वजातिं प्रति तत्त्वतः ।
छेदवर्जं प्रणयनं दण्डस्यैति विनिश्चयः ॥२७७॥
छेदवर्जं प्रणयनं दण्डस्यैति विनिश्चयः ॥२७७॥
277. viṭ śūdrayorevameva svajātiṁ prati tattvataḥ ,
chedavarjaṁ praṇayanaṁ daṇḍasyaiti viniścayaḥ.
chedavarjaṁ praṇayanaṁ daṇḍasyaiti viniścayaḥ.
277.
viṭ śūdrayoḥ evam eva svajātim prati tattvataḥ
| chedavārjam praṇayanam daṇḍasya eti viniścayaḥ
| chedavārjam praṇayanam daṇḍasya eti viniścayaḥ
277.
evam eva tattvataḥ svajātim prati viṭ śūdrayoḥ
daṇḍasya chedavārjam praṇayanam viniścayaḥ eti
daṇḍasya chedavārjam praṇayanam viniścayaḥ eti
277.
Thus, for the Vaiśya and the śūdra, truly with respect to their own social classes, the application of a fine is the definite rule, excluding the penalty of mutilation.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- विट् (viṭ) - Vaiśya (Vaiśya (member of the merchant/farmer class))
- शूद्रयोः (śūdrayoḥ) - for the śūdra (referring to the class in general, in conjunction with Vaiśya) (of the two śūdras, for the two śūdras)
- एवम् (evam) - thus, similarly (thus, in this manner, similarly)
- एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, only, just)
- स्वजातिम् (svajātim) - their own social classes (one's own caste/kind)
- प्रति (prati) - with respect to, concerning (towards, against, concerning, regarding)
- तत्त्वतः (tattvataḥ) - truly, according to the truth (in reality, truly, essentially)
- छेदवर्जम् (chedavarjam) - excluding the penalty of mutilation (excluding cutting off/mutilation)
- प्रणयनम् (praṇayanam) - application/imposition (of fine) (leading, application, imposition, showing affection)
- दण्डस्य (daṇḍasya) - of a fine (of the fine/punishment)
- एति (eti) - is (the case) (goes, comes, is)
- विनिश्चयः (viniścayaḥ) - definite rule (definite conclusion, ascertainment, rule)
Words meanings and morphology
विट् (viṭ) - Vaiśya (Vaiśya (member of the merchant/farmer class))
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of viś
viś - clan, settlement, people; a Vaiśya
Note: Often refers to the Vaiśya varna.
शूद्रयोः (śūdrayoḥ) - for the śūdra (referring to the class in general, in conjunction with Vaiśya) (of the two śūdras, for the two śūdras)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, dual of śūdra
śūdra - a member of the lowest social class
Note: Paired with 'viṭ' in a dual sense, implying a collective reference to these two classes.
एवम् (evam) - thus, similarly (thus, in this manner, similarly)
(indeclinable)
एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, only, just)
(indeclinable)
स्वजातिम् (svajātim) - their own social classes (one's own caste/kind)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of svajāti
svajāti - one's own caste, one's own kind or species
Compound: sva (own) + jāti (birth, class, species).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+jāti)
- sva – own, one's own
pronoun (masculine) - jāti – birth, lineage, caste, class, species
noun (feminine)
Note: Object of 'prati'.
प्रति (prati) - with respect to, concerning (towards, against, concerning, regarding)
(indeclinable)
Note: Governs 'svajātim'.
तत्त्वतः (tattvataḥ) - truly, according to the truth (in reality, truly, essentially)
(indeclinable)
Derived from 'tattva' (truth, reality) with the suffix -tas (indicating manner or origin).
Note: Emphasizes the definite nature of the rule.
छेदवर्जम् (chedavarjam) - excluding the penalty of mutilation (excluding cutting off/mutilation)
(indeclinable)
Compound: cheda (cutting, mutilation) + varja (excluding). Used adverbially.
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (cheda+varja)
- cheda – cutting, severing, division, mutilation
noun (masculine)
From √chid 'to cut'.
Root: chid (class 7) - varja – excluding, avoiding, without
adjective (masculine)
Note: Modifies 'praṇayanam'.
प्रणयनम् (praṇayanam) - application/imposition (of fine) (leading, application, imposition, showing affection)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of praṇayana
praṇayana - leading, application, imposition, arrangement
Derived from √nī 'to lead' with upasarga pra.
Prefix: pra
Root: nī (class 1)
Note: Subject of the sentence, 'is the rule'.
दण्डस्य (daṇḍasya) - of a fine (of the fine/punishment)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of daṇḍa
daṇḍa - stick, staff, punishment, fine, penalty
Note: Qualifies 'praṇayanam'.
एति (eti) - is (the case) (goes, comes, is)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of i
present active indicative
Root: i (class 2)
Note: Functions as a copula here, 'is' or 'stands as'.
विनिश्चयः (viniścayaḥ) - definite rule (definite conclusion, ascertainment, rule)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of viniścaya
viniścaya - definite ascertainment, firm resolve, conclusion, rule
Derived from √ci 'to gather, observe' with upasargas vi + ni.
Prefixes: vi+ni
Root: ci (class 5)
Note: Predicate nominative with 'praṇayanam' and 'eti'.