महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-14, verse-7

हिरण्यगर्भप्रमुखा देवाः सेन्द्रा महर्षयः ।
न विदुर्यस्य निधनमादिं वा सूक्ष्मदर्शिनः ।
स कथं नरमात्रेण शक्यो ज्ञातुं सतां गतिः ॥७॥

7. hiraṇyagarbhapramukhā devāḥ sendrā maharṣayaḥ ,
na viduryasya nidhanamādiṁ vā sūkṣmadarśinaḥ ,
sa kathaṁ naramātreṇa śakyo jñātuṁ satāṁ gatiḥ.

7. hiraṇyagarbhapramukhāḥ devāḥ saindrāḥ
maharṣayaḥ na viduḥ yasya nidhanam
ādim vā sūkṣmadarśinaḥ saḥ katham
naramātreṇa śakyaḥ jñātum satām gatiḥ

7. hiraṇyagarbhapramukhāḥ saindrāḥ devāḥ
maharṣayaḥ sūkṣmadarśinaḥ yasya
nidhanam vā ādim na viduḥ saḥ satām
gatiḥ naramātreṇa katham jñātum śakyaḥ

7. Even the gods, led by Hiraṇyagarbha, along with Indra, and the great sages, despite their subtle vision, do not know His beginning or end. How then can He, who is the refuge (gati) of the virtuous, be known by a mere human being?

Words meanings summery:

• हिरण्यगर्भप्रमुखाः (hiraṇyagarbhapramukhāḥ) - led by Hiraṇyagarbha, having Hiraṇyagarbha as chief

• देवाः (devāḥ) - gods, deities

• सैन्द्राः (saindrāḥ) - along with Indra, accompanied by Indra

• महर्षयः (maharṣayaḥ) - great sages

• न (na) - not, no

• विदुः (viduḥ) - they know

• यस्य (yasya) - whose (referring to the Supreme Lord) (whose, of whom)

• निधनम् (nidhanam) - the end (of existence) (end, destruction, death, abode)

• आदिम् (ādim) - beginning, origin

• वा (vā) - or, either

• सूक्ष्मदर्शिनः (sūkṣmadarśinaḥ) - those with subtle vision, subtle seers

• सः (saḥ) - That Lord (He, that one)

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• नरमात्रेण (naramātreṇa) - by a mere human, by a human alone

• शक्यः (śakyaḥ) - possible, capable (of being known)

• ज्ञातुम् (jñātum) - to know, to perceive

• सताम् (satām) - of the good, of the virtuous, of the righteous

• गतिः (gatiḥ) - the refuge or goal of the virtuous (movement, course, path, state, nature, refuge, goal)

Words meanings and morphology

हिरण्यगर्भप्रमुखाः (hiraṇyagarbhapramukhāḥ) - led by Hiraṇyagarbha, having Hiraṇyagarbha as chief

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hiraṇyagarbhapramukha

hiraṇyagarbhapramukha - having Hiraṇyagarbha as the foremost, headed by Hiraṇyagarbha

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hiraṇyagarbha+pramukha)

• hiraṇyagarbha – golden germ, Brahmā (the creator god)
  proper noun (masculine)
• pramukha – chief, foremost, principal
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: pra

Note: Agrees with `devāḥ` and `maharṣayaḥ`.

देवाः (devāḥ) - gods, deities

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Subject of `na viduḥ`.

सैन्द्राः (saindrāḥ) - along with Indra, accompanied by Indra

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saindra

saindra - accompanied by Indra, with Indra

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saha+indra)

• saha – with, along with
  indeclinable
• indra – Indra (king of the gods)
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with `devāḥ` and `maharṣayaḥ`.

महर्षयः (maharṣayaḥ) - great sages

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of maharṣi

maharṣi - great sage, eminent seer

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ṛṣi)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• ṛṣi – sage, seer
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛṣ

Note: Subject of `na viduḥ`.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

विदुः (viduḥ) - they know

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of vid

Present

3rd person plural Present, Parasmaipada, from root `vid` (class 2), also used as an Atmanepada form.

Root: vid (class 2)

यस्य (yasya) - whose (referring to the Supreme Lord) (whose, of whom)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Refers to the ultimate subject being discussed, i.e., God.

निधनम् (nidhanam) - the end (of existence) (end, destruction, death, abode)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nidhana

nidhana - end, destruction, death, dissolution; treasure, abode

From `ni` + root `dhā` (to place).

Prefix: ni

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Direct object of `viduḥ`.

आदिम् (ādim) - beginning, origin

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ādi

ādi - beginning, origin, first, primeval

Root: ad (class 2)

Note: Direct object of `viduḥ`.

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

सूक्ष्मदर्शिनः (sūkṣmadarśinaḥ) - those with subtle vision, subtle seers

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sūkṣmadarśin

sūkṣmadarśin - one who sees subtly, subtle observer, discerning

Derived from `sūkṣma` (subtle) and `darśin` (seer).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sūkṣma+darśin)

• sūkṣma – subtle, minute, fine
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sūc (class 1)
• darśin – seer, beholder, one who perceives
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  Derived from root `dṛś` (to see) + `in` suffix.
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `devāḥ` and `maharṣayaḥ`.

सः (saḥ) - That Lord (He, that one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers back to the Lord (Īśa).

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

नरमात्रेण (naramātreṇa) - by a mere human, by a human alone

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of naramātra

naramātra - a mere human being, only a man

Compound type : karmadhāraya (nara+mātra)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nṛ (class 1)
• mātra – mere, only, consisting of
  adjective (neuter)
  Root: mā (class 2)

Note: Agent of `śakyaḥ jñātum`.

शक्यः (śakyaḥ) - possible, capable (of being known)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakya

śakya - possible, capable, fit to be done

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

From root `śak` (to be able), suffix `ya`.

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Agrees with `saḥ`.

ज्ञातुम् (jñātum) - to know, to perceive

(verb)

infinitive of jñā

Infinitive

Infinitive form from root `jñā` (class 9).

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Used with `śakyaḥ`.

सताम् (satām) - of the good, of the virtuous, of the righteous

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sat

sat - being, existing, good, virtuous, real

Present Active Participle

From root `as` (to be), present stem `sant`.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Qualifies `gatiḥ`.

गतिः (gatiḥ) - the refuge or goal of the virtuous (movement, course, path, state, nature, refuge, goal)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gati

gati - going, motion, path, state, condition, destiny, nature, refuge, goal

From root `gam` (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative for `saḥ`.