महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-14, verse-38

वाय्वाहारैरम्बुपैर्जप्यनित्यैः संप्रक्षालैर्यतिभिर्ध्याननित्यैः ।
धूमाशनैरूष्मपैः क्षीरपैश्च विभूषितं ब्राह्मणेन्द्रैः समन्तात् ॥३८॥

38. vāyvāhārairambupairjapyanityaiḥ; saṁprakṣālairyatibhirdhyānanityaiḥ ,
dhūmāśanairūṣmapaiḥ kṣīrapaiśca; vibhūṣitaṁ brāhmaṇendraiḥ samantāt.

38. vāyvāhāraiḥ ambupaiḥ japyānityaiḥ
saṃprakṣālaiḥ yatibhiḥ dhyānanityaiḥ
dhūmāśanaiḥ ūṣmapaiḥ kṣīrapaiḥ
ca vibhūṣitam brāhmaṇendraiḥ samantāt

38. It was adorned on all sides by excellent Brahmins, by ascetics subsisting on air, by those who drink only water, by those constantly engaged in chanting, by those who regularly purify themselves, by those ever absorbed in meditation (dhyāna), by those subsisting on smoke, by those who consume only warm vapor, and by those who drink only milk.

Words meanings summery:

• वाय्वाहारैः (vāyvāhāraiḥ) - by those who subsist on air, by air-eaters

• अम्बुपैः (ambupaiḥ) - by water-drinkers, by those who subsist on water

• जप्यानित्यैः (japyānityaiḥ) - by those constantly engaged in chanting (japa)

• संप्रक्षालैः (saṁprakṣālaiḥ) - by those who purify themselves, by those performing frequent ablutions

• यतिभिः (yatibhiḥ) - by ascetics, by renunciates

• ध्याननित्यैः (dhyānanityaiḥ) - by those constantly engaged in meditation (dhyāna)

• धूमाशनैः (dhūmāśanaiḥ) - by those subsisting on smoke, by smoke-eaters

• ऊष्मपैः (ūṣmapaiḥ) - by those who drink hot vapor, by those subsisting on warmth

• क्षीरपैः (kṣīrapaiḥ) - by milk-drinkers, by those who subsist on milk

• च (ca) - and

• विभूषितम् (vibhūṣitam) - adorned, decorated, embellished

• ब्राह्मणेन्द्रैः (brāhmaṇendraiḥ) - by chief Brahmins, by excellent Brahmins

• समन्तात् (samantāt) - all around, on all sides, completely

Words meanings and morphology

वाय्वाहारैः (vāyvāhāraiḥ) - by those who subsist on air, by air-eaters

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vāyvāhāra

vāyvāhāra - subsisting on air, air-eater (a type of ascetic practice)

Compound: vāyu + āhāra

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (vāyu+āhāra)

• vāyu – wind, air, god of wind
  noun (masculine)
• āhāra – food, diet, eating, subsistence
  noun (masculine)
  From root hṛ- ('to take, seize') with prefix ā-
  Prefix: ā
  Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with yatibhiḥ.

अम्बुपैः (ambupaiḥ) - by water-drinkers, by those who subsist on water

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of ambupa

ambupa - one who drinks water, subsisting on water (an ascetic practice)

Compound: ambu + pa

Compound type : Upapada-tatpuruṣa (ambu+pa)

• ambu – water
  noun (neuter)
• pa – drinker, protector
  noun (masculine)
  From root pā- ('to drink' or 'to protect')
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with yatibhiḥ.

जप्यानित्यैः (japyānityaiḥ) - by those constantly engaged in chanting (japa)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of japyānitya

japyānitya - constantly engaged in chanting (japa)

Compound: japya + anitya (in the sense of 'whose constant activity is japa')

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (japya+nitya)

• japya – to be recited, to be muttered; chanting, murmuring
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive
  From root jap- ('to mutter, chant')
  Root: jap (class 1)
• nitya – constant, perpetual, eternal, always existing
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with yatibhiḥ.

संप्रक्षालैः (saṁprakṣālaiḥ) - by those who purify themselves, by those performing frequent ablutions

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of saṃprakṣāla

saṁprakṣāla - one who purifies thoroughly; frequent ablution

Derived from root kṣal- ('to wash') with prefixes sam- and pra-

Compound type : Pradi-tatpuruṣa (sam+pra+kṣāla)

• sam – together, completely, well
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• pra – forward, onward, forth, very, intensely
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• kṣāla – washing, cleansing
  noun (masculine)
  From root kṣal- ('to wash')
  Root: kṣal (class 10)

Note: Agrees with yatibhiḥ.

यतिभिः (yatibhiḥ) - by ascetics, by renunciates

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of yati

yati - ascetic, renunciate, one who has controlled his senses, sage

From root yat- ('to strive, exert, control')

Root: yat (class 1)

ध्याननित्यैः (dhyānanityaiḥ) - by those constantly engaged in meditation (dhyāna)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of dhyānanitya

dhyānanitya - constantly engaged in meditation

Compound: dhyāna + nitya

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (dhyāna+nitya)

• dhyāna – meditation, contemplation, reflection
  noun (neuter)
  From root dhyā- ('to meditate')
  Root: dhyā (class 4)
• nitya – constant, perpetual, eternal, always existing
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with yatibhiḥ.

धूमाशनैः (dhūmāśanaiḥ) - by those subsisting on smoke, by smoke-eaters

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of dhūmāśana

dhūmāśana - subsisting on smoke (an ascetic practice)

Compound: dhūma + aśana

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (dhūma+aśana)

• dhūma – smoke, vapor
  noun (masculine)
• aśana – eating, food
  noun (neuter)
  From root aś- ('to eat')
  Root: aś (class 9)

Note: Agrees with yatibhiḥ/brāhmaṇendraiḥ, implicitly continuing the list of types of ascetics.

ऊष्मपैः (ūṣmapaiḥ) - by those who drink hot vapor, by those subsisting on warmth

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of ūṣmapa

ūṣmapa - one who drinks hot vapor or subsists on warmth (an ascetic practice)

Compound: ūṣma + pa

Compound type : Upapada-tatpuruṣa (ūṣma+pa)

• ūṣma – heat, warmth, vapor
  noun (masculine)
• pa – drinker, protector
  noun (masculine)
  From root pā- ('to drink')
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with yatibhiḥ/brāhmaṇendraiḥ, implicitly continuing the list of types of ascetics.

क्षीरपैः (kṣīrapaiḥ) - by milk-drinkers, by those who subsist on milk

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kṣīrapa

kṣīrapa - one who drinks milk, subsisting on milk (an ascetic practice)

Compound: kṣīra + pa

Compound type : Upapada-tatpuruṣa (kṣīra+pa)

• kṣīra – milk
  noun (neuter)
• pa – drinker, protector
  noun (masculine)
  From root pā- ('to drink')
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with yatibhiḥ/brāhmaṇendraiḥ, implicitly continuing the list of types of ascetics.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

विभूषितम् (vibhūṣitam) - adorned, decorated, embellished

(adjective)

neuter, singular of vibhūṣita

vibhūṣita - adorned, decorated, embellished

Past Passive Participle

From root bhūṣ- ('to adorn, decorate') with prefix vi-

Compound type : Pradi-tatpuruṣa (vi+bhūṣita)

• vi – apart, asunder, intensely, variously
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• bhūṣita – adorned, decorated
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root bhūṣ- ('to adorn, decorate')
  Root: bhūṣ (class 10)

Note: Past Passive Participle used as an adjective, agreeing with the implicit subject of the verse.

ब्राह्मणेन्द्रैः (brāhmaṇendraiḥ) - by chief Brahmins, by excellent Brahmins

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇendra

brāhmaṇendra - chief of Brahmins, excellent Brahmin

Compound: brāhmaṇa + indra (here meaning 'chief, best')

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (brāhmaṇa+indra)

• brāhmaṇa – Brahmin, one belonging to the priestly class
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, best, sovereign (often used as an intensifying suffix)
  noun (masculine)

समन्तात् (samantāt) - all around, on all sides, completely

(indeclinable)

From samanta ('all-around') with suffix -tāt