महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-14, verse-49

तपः सुमहदास्थाय तोषयेशानमीश्वरम् ।
इह देवः सपत्नीकः समाक्रीडत्यधोक्षज ॥४९॥

49. tapaḥ sumahadāsthāya toṣayeśānamīśvaram ,
iha devaḥ sapatnīkaḥ samākrīḍatyadhokṣaja.

49. tapaḥ sumahat āsthāya toṣaya īśānam īśvaram
iha devaḥ sapatnīkaḥ samākrīḍati adhokṣaja

49. adhokṣaja,
(tvam) sumahat tapaḥ āsthāya īśānam īśvaram toṣaya.
iha devaḥ sapatnīkaḥ samākrīḍati.

49. O Adhokṣaja (Kṛṣṇa), having undertaken great austerity (tapas), you should please Īśāna, the supreme Lord. Here, the deity (Shiva) sports with his wife.

Words meanings summery:

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance, heat

• सुमहत् (sumahat) - very great, mighty

• आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having undertaken, having resorted to, having performed

• तोषय (toṣaya) - please, propitiate

• ईशानम् (īśānam) - Lord Shiva (the lord, ruler)

• ईश्वरम् (īśvaram) - The supreme Lord Shiva (the supreme Lord, master, ruler)

• इह (iha) - here, in this world, in this place

• देवः (devaḥ) - The god Shiva (the god, deity)

• सपत्नीकः (sapatnīkaḥ) - with his wife

• समाक्रीडति (samākrīḍati) - plays, sports, enjoys

• अधोक्षज (adhokṣaja) - O Kṛṣṇa, an address to the listener/speaker (Arjuna) (O Adhokṣaja (epithet of Viṣṇu/Kṛṣṇa))

Words meanings and morphology

तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance, heat

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, heat

Root: tap (class 1)

सुमहत् (sumahat) - very great, mighty

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sumahat

sumahat - very great, mighty

Compound of su and mahat

Compound type : tatpurusha (su+mahat)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating excellence
• mahat – great, large, important
  adjective (neuter)
  Root: mah (class 1)

Note: Agrees with tapaḥ.

आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having undertaken, having resorted to, having performed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Absolutive (gerund) form from root sthā with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

तोषय (toṣaya) - please, propitiate

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of tuṣ

Imperative, causal

Imperative 2nd singular active voice, causal form, from root tuṣ

Root: tuṣ (class 4)

ईशानम् (īśānam) - Lord Shiva (the lord, ruler)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of īśāna

īśāna - lord, ruler, Shiva

Present participle of īś

From root īś 'to rule, to be master of'

Root: īś (class 2)

ईश्वरम् (īśvaram) - The supreme Lord Shiva (the supreme Lord, master, ruler)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of īśvara

īśvara - lord, master, supreme ruler, Shiva

From root īś 'to rule, to be master of' + -vara suffix

Root: īś (class 2)

Note: Appositive to īśānam.

इह (iha) - here, in this world, in this place

(indeclinable)

देवः (devaḥ) - The god Shiva (the god, deity)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of deva

deva - god, deity, divine

From root div 'to shine'

Root: div (class 1)

सपत्नीकः (sapatnīkaḥ) - with his wife

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sapatnīka

sapatnīka - accompanied by one's wife, with one's wife

Compound of sa- (with) and patnīka (from patnī, wife)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+patnīka)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• patnīka – relating to a wife, having a wife
  adjective (masculine)
  From patnī (wife) with suffix -ka

Note: Agrees with devaḥ.

समाक्रीडति (samākrīḍati) - plays, sports, enjoys

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of samākrīḍ

Present tense

Present 3rd singular active voice, from root krīḍ with prefixes sam- and ā-

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: krīḍ (class 1)

अधोक्षज (adhokṣaja) - O Kṛṣṇa, an address to the listener/speaker (Arjuna) (O Adhokṣaja (epithet of Viṣṇu/Kṛṣṇa))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of adhokṣaja

adhokṣaja - Adhokṣaja (name of Viṣṇu/Kṛṣṇa), one who is beyond the senses

From adhaḥ (below) + akṣa (sense) + ja (born), implying beyond perception

Compound type : tatpurusha (adhaḥ+akṣa+ja)

• adhaḥ – below, underneath
  indeclinable
• akṣa – sense, eye, axle
  noun (masculine)
• ja – born from, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  From root jan 'to be born'
  Root: jan (class 4)