महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-14, verse-16

त्वया द्वादश वर्षाणि वायुभूतेन शुष्यता ।
आराध्य पशुभर्तारं रुक्मिण्या जनिताः सुताः ॥१६॥

16. tvayā dvādaśa varṣāṇi vāyubhūtena śuṣyatā ,
ārādhya paśubhartāraṁ rukmiṇyā janitāḥ sutāḥ.

16. tvayā dvādaśa varṣāṇi vāyubhūtena śuṣyatā
ārādhya paśubhartāram rukmiṇyā janitāḥ sutāḥ

16. tvayā vāyubhūtena śuṣyatā dvādaśa varṣāṇi
paśubhartāram ārādhya rukmiṇyā sutāḥ janitāḥ

16. After you, having become like air and wasting away for twelve years, worshipped the lord of creatures, sons were born to Rukmiṇī.

Words meanings summery:

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you (referring to the subject who performed penance) (by you, with you)

• द्वादश (dvādaśa) - twelve

• वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years (years, rains)

• वायुभूतेन (vāyubhūtena) - by you, who became emaciated like air (by one who has become air, by one who has become like wind)

• शुष्यता (śuṣyatā) - by you, who were wasting away (due to penance) (by one who is drying up, by one who is wasting away)

• आराध्य (ārādhya) - having worshipped (the lord of creatures) (having worshipped, having propitiated)

• पशुभर्तारम् (paśubhartāram) - to Śiva, the lord of creatures (to the lord of creatures, to the protector of animals)

• रुक्मिण्या (rukmiṇyā) - by Rukmiṇī

• जनिताः (janitāḥ) - were born (generated, born, created)

• सुताः (sutāḥ) - sons (sons, offspring)

Words meanings and morphology

त्वया (tvayā) - by you (referring to the subject who performed penance) (by you, with you)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of tvam

tvam - you

द्वादश (dvādaśa) - twelve

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of dvādaśa

dvādaśa - twelve

Note: Agrees with 'varṣāṇi'.

वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years (years, rains)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of varṣa

varṣa - year, rain, monsoon

Note: Accusative of duration.

वायुभूतेन (vāyubhūtena) - by you, who became emaciated like air (by one who has become air, by one who has become like wind)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vāyubhūta

vāyubhūta - become air, transformed into wind, ethereal

Past Passive Participle (bhūta)

Compound formed from 'vāyu' (wind, air) and 'bhūta' (past passive participle of 'bhū' - to be, become).

Compound type : tatpurusha (vāyu+bhūta)

• vāyu – wind, air, breath
  noun (masculine)
• bhūta – been, become, existing, a being, element
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'bhū' (to be, become)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tvayā'.

शुष्यता (śuṣyatā) - by you, who were wasting away (due to penance) (by one who is drying up, by one who is wasting away)

(participle)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śuṣyat

śuṣyat - drying, wasting away, emaciating

Present Active Participle

From root 'śuṣ' (to dry, wither) in the present tense, active voice.

Root: śuṣ (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'tvayā'.

आराध्य (ārādhya) - having worshipped (the lord of creatures) (having worshipped, having propitiated)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root 'rādh' (to propitiate, accomplish) with prefix 'ā'. Absolutive suffix 'ya' (when prefixed verb).

Prefix: ā

Root: rādh (class 5)

पशुभर्तारम् (paśubhartāram) - to Śiva, the lord of creatures (to the lord of creatures, to the protector of animals)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of paśubhartṛ

paśubhartṛ - lord of creatures, protector of animals (an epithet of Śiva)

Compound of 'paśu' (animal, creature) and 'bhartṛ' (sustainer, lord, husband).

Compound type : tatpurusha (paśu+bhartṛ)

• paśu – animal, beast, creature
  noun (masculine)
• bhartṛ – sustainer, supporter, lord, husband
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from root 'bhṛ' (to bear, support)
  Root: bhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'ārādhya'.

रुक्मिण्या (rukmiṇyā) - by Rukmiṇī

(proper noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of rukmiṇī

rukmiṇī - Rukmiṇī (name of Krishna's chief queen)

Note: Indicates agency for the birth of sons.

जनिताः (janitāḥ) - were born (generated, born, created)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of janita

janita - produced, begotten, born

Past Passive Participle

From root 'jan' (to be born, produce).

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'sutāḥ'.

सुताः (sutāḥ) - sons (sons, offspring)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of suta

suta - son, offspring, begotten

Past Passive Participle (secondary noun)

From root 'sū' (to beget, produce).

Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'janitāḥ'.