महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-14, verse-65

अत्रेर्भार्यापि भर्तारं संत्यज्य ब्रह्मवादिनी ।
नाहं तस्य मुनेर्भूयो वशगा स्यां कथंचन ।
इत्युक्त्वा सा महादेवमगच्छच्छरणं किल ॥६५॥

65. atrerbhāryāpi bhartāraṁ saṁtyajya brahmavādinī ,
nāhaṁ tasya munerbhūyo vaśagā syāṁ kathaṁcana ,
ityuktvā sā mahādevamagacchaccharaṇaṁ kila.

65. atreḥ bhāryā api bhartāram saṃtyajya
brahmavādinī na aham tasya muneḥ
bhūyaḥ vaśagā syām kathaṃcana iti uktvā
sā mahādevam agacchat śaraṇam kila

65. atreḥ bhāryā api brahmavādinī bhartāram
saṃtyajya na aham tasya muneḥ
bhūyaḥ vaśagā syām kathaṃcana iti uktvā
sā kila mahādevam śaraṇam agacchat

65. Atri's wife, a speaker of ultimate reality (brahman), abandoned her husband and said, "I will not, by any means, ever again be subject to that sage (muni)." Having spoken thus, she indeed went to Mahadeva for refuge.

Words meanings summery:

• अत्रेः (atreḥ) - of Atri

• भार्या (bhāryā) - wife, spouse

• अपि (api) - Emphasizes that despite being a brahmavādinī, she still abandoned her husband. (also, even, too)

• भर्तारम् (bhartāram) - Her husband, sage Atri. (husband, supporter)

• संत्यज्य (saṁtyajya) - having abandoned, having given up

• ब्रह्मवादिनी (brahmavādinī) - A woman who discusses or expounds upon the ultimate reality (brahman). (a female speaker of ultimate reality (brahman), a female theologian/philosopher)

• न (na) - not, no

• अहम् (aham) - The wife of Atri. (I)

• तस्य (tasya) - Of sage Atri. (of him, his)

• मुनेः (muneḥ) - Of her husband, sage Atri. (of the sage (muni))

• भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again, further, moreover

• वशगा (vaśagā) - subject to, obedient, under control

• स्याम् (syām) - Expresses a strong negation or refusal: "I shall not be". (may I be, I might be)

• कथंचन (kathaṁcana) - Emphatic negation: "not by any means whatsoever". (by any means, ever, somehow or other)

• इति (iti) - Marks the end of a direct quote. (thus, so, in this manner)

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

• सा (sā) - Atri's wife. (she)

• महादेवम् (mahādevam) - to Mahadeva, to the great god Shiva

• अगच्छत् (agacchat) - she went

• शरणम् (śaraṇam) - As in "went for refuge". (refuge, shelter)

• किल (kila) - Adds emphasis or implies that this is a reported event. (indeed, it is said, forsooth)

Words meanings and morphology

अत्रेः (atreḥ) - of Atri

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of atri

atri - name of a sage, one of the Saptarishis

Masculine noun ending in -i.

Root: ad (class 2)

भार्या (bhāryā) - wife, spouse

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhāryā

bhāryā - wife, spouse, one to be maintained

Gerundive

From root bhṛ (to bear, support) + suffix -ya, feminine form. Literally "one to be supported".

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

अपि (api) - Emphasizes that despite being a brahmavādinī, she still abandoned her husband. (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

भर्तारम् (bhartāram) - Her husband, sage Atri. (husband, supporter)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhartṛ

bhartṛ - husband, supporter, master, lord

Agent noun

Agent noun from bhṛ with -tṛ suffix.

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

संत्यज्य (saṁtyajya) - having abandoned, having given up

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From prefix sam- + root tyaj (to abandon) + suffix -ya (for compound verbs).

Prefix: sam

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Precedes the main verb 'went'.

ब्रह्मवादिनी (brahmavādinī) - A woman who discusses or expounds upon the ultimate reality (brahman). (a female speaker of ultimate reality (brahman), a female theologian/philosopher)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of brahmavādin

brahmavādin - speaking of brahman, theologian, philosopher

Agent noun

From brahman + root vad (to speak) + suffix -in. Feminine form. Feminine nominative singular.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brahman+vādin)

• brahman – ultimate reality, universal spirit, sacred word
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bṛh (class 1)
• vādin – speaking, speaker, advocate
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root vad.
  Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'bhāryā'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the following clause.

अहम् (aham) - The wife of Atri. (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

First person singular pronoun. Forms `nāhaṃ` in sandhi.

तस्य (tasya) - Of sage Atri. (of him, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun. Masculine genitive singular, referring to 'muni'.

मुनेः (muneḥ) - Of her husband, sage Atri. (of the sage (muni))

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of muni

muni - sage, ascetic, seer

Masculine noun ending in -i.

Root: man (class 4)

भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again, further, moreover

(indeclinable)

Comparative form of 'bahu' (much).

वशगा (vaśagā) - subject to, obedient, under control

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vaśaga

vaśaga - being under control, obedient, subject to, submissive

From vaśa (will, control) + ga (going, being). Feminine form. Feminine nominative singular, agrees with 'aham'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vaśa+ga)

• vaśa – will, control, power
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vaś (class 2)
• ga – going, moving, being, belonging to
  adjective (masculine)
  From root gam.
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective.

स्याम् (syām) - Expresses a strong negation or refusal: "I shall not be". (may I be, I might be)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of as

Optative first person singular

From root as (class 2), optative mood.

Root: as (class 2)

कथंचन (kathaṁcana) - Emphatic negation: "not by any means whatsoever". (by any means, ever, somehow or other)

(indeclinable)

From katham (how) + cana (a particle implying indefiniteness or emphasis).

इति (iti) - Marks the end of a direct quote. (thus, so, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root vac (to speak) in its past passive participial stem ukta + suffix -tvā.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Precedes the main verb 'went'.

सा (sā) - Atri's wife. (she)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun. Feminine nominative singular.

Note: Refers to Atri's wife.

महादेवम् (mahādevam) - to Mahadeva, to the great god Shiva

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahādeva

mahādeva - the great god, Shiva

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+deva)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• deva – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
  Root: div (class 1)

Note: Object of motion with 'agacchat'.

अगच्छत् (agacchat) - she went

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of gam

Imperfect third person singular

From root gam (class 1), with augment 'a-' for past tense (Laṅ).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'sā'.

शरणम् (śaraṇam) - As in "went for refuge". (refuge, shelter)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śaraṇa

śaraṇa - refuge, shelter, protection, house

From root śṛ (to crush, break) or śri (to lean on, take refuge).

Root: śri (class 1)

किल (kila) - Adds emphasis or implies that this is a reported event. (indeed, it is said, forsooth)

(indeclinable)

Particle.