महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-14, verse-45

तेजसा तपसा चैव दीप्यमानं यथानलम् ।
शिष्यमध्यगतं शान्तं युवानं ब्राह्मणर्षभम् ।
शिरसा वन्दमानं मामुपमन्युरभाषत ॥४५॥

45. tejasā tapasā caiva dīpyamānaṁ yathānalam ,
śiṣyamadhyagataṁ śāntaṁ yuvānaṁ brāhmaṇarṣabham ,
śirasā vandamānaṁ māmupamanyurabhāṣata.

45. tejasā tapasā ca eva dīpyamānam
yathā analam śiṣyamadhyagatam śāntam
yuvānam brāhmaṇarṣabham śirasā
vandamānam mām upamanyuḥ abhāṣata

45. upamanyuḥ tejasā tapasā ca eva
yathā analam dīpyamānam śiṣyamadhyagatam
śāntam yuvānam brāhmaṇarṣabham
śirasā vandamānam mām abhāṣata

45. Upamanyu spoke to me, who was bowing my head, (he was) blazing with splendor and spiritual fervor (tapas) like fire, peaceful, young, the foremost among brahmins, and seated amidst his disciples.

Words meanings summery:

• तेजसा (tejasā) - by splendor, with brilliance

• तपसा (tapasā) - by asceticism, with spiritual fervor

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, precisely

• दीप्यमानम् (dīpyamānam) - shining, blazing, gleaming

• यथा (yathā) - like, as, just as

• अनलम् (analam) - fire

• शिष्यमध्यगतम् (śiṣyamadhyagatam) - situated amidst disciples

• शान्तम् (śāntam) - peaceful, calm, tranquil

• युवानम् (yuvānam) - young

• ब्राह्मणर्षभम् (brāhmaṇarṣabham) - the foremost of brahmins, the bull among brahmins

• शिरसा (śirasā) - with the head, by the head

• वन्दमानम् (vandamānam) - bowing, worshipping

• माम् (mām) - me

• उपमन्युः (upamanyuḥ) - Upamanyu

• अभाषत (abhāṣata) - spoke, addressed

Words meanings and morphology

तेजसा (tejasā) - by splendor, with brilliance

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tejas

tejas - brilliance, splendor, energy, spiritual power

From root tij 'to be sharp'.

Root: tij (class 1)

तपसा (tapasā) - by asceticism, with spiritual fervor

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - asceticism, spiritual fervor, austerity, heat

From root tap 'to heat, to perform austerities'.

Root: tap (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, precisely

(indeclinable)

दीप्यमानम् (dīpyamānam) - shining, blazing, gleaming

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dīpyamāna

dīpyamāna - shining, blazing

Present Middle Participle

From root dīp 'to shine' in middle voice.

Root: dīp (class 4)

Note: Qualifies Upamanyu, carrying over from the previous verse where he was the object of 'seeing'.

यथा (yathā) - like, as, just as

(indeclinable)

अनलम् (analam) - fire

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anala

anala - fire, Agni (god of fire)

Literally 'not enough', from na + ala.

Note: Object of comparison with yathā.

शिष्यमध्यगतम् (śiṣyamadhyagatam) - situated amidst disciples

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śiṣyamadhyagata

śiṣyamadhyagata - gone/situated in the midst of disciples

Compound of śiṣya (disciple), madhya (middle), and gata (gone/situated).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (śiṣya+madhya+gata)

• śiṣya – disciple, pupil
  noun (masculine)
  Gerundive
  From śās 'to teach', literally 'one to be taught'.
  Root: śās (class 2)
• madhya – middle, center
  noun (neuter)
• gata – gone, arrived at, situated in
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root gam 'to go'.
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Upamanyu, carrying over from the previous verse.

शान्तम् (śāntam) - peaceful, calm, tranquil

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śānta

śānta - peaceful, calm, tranquil, quieted

Past Passive Participle

From root śam 'to be calm, to cease'.

Root: śam (class 4)

Note: Qualifies Upamanyu, carrying over from the previous verse.

युवानम् (yuvānam) - young

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yuvan

yuvan - young, youthful person

Note: Qualifies Upamanyu, carrying over from the previous verse.

ब्राह्मणर्षभम् (brāhmaṇarṣabham) - the foremost of brahmins, the bull among brahmins

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇarṣabha

brāhmaṇarṣabha - foremost brahmin, excellent brahmin (literally 'bull of brahmins')

Compound of brāhmaṇa (brahmin) and ṛṣabha (bull, best, chief).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (brāhmaṇa+ṛṣabha)

• brāhmaṇa – brahmin, belonging to Brahmā
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from brahman.
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, excellent, best
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies Upamanyu, carrying over from the previous verse.

शिरसा (śirasā) - with the head, by the head

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head, skull

Note: Denotes the instrument of bowing.

वन्दमानम् (vandamānam) - bowing, worshipping

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vandamāna

vandamāna - bowing, saluting, praising, worshipping

Present Middle Participle

From root vand 'to salute, praise' in middle voice.

Root: vand (class 1)

Note: Qualifies mām.

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

First person pronoun.

Note: Object of abhāṣata.

उपमन्युः (upamanyuḥ) - Upamanyu

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upamanyu

upamanyu - name of a sage, a disciple of Ayoda-Dhaumya

Prefix: upa

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Subject of abhāṣata.

अभाषत (abhāṣata) - spoke, addressed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhāṣ

Imperfect Middle Third Person Singular

Augment 'a' + root 'bhāṣ' + 'ata' ending.

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)