महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-14, verse-181

एवं ध्यायन्ति विद्वांसः परं तत्त्वं सनातनम् ।
षड्विंशकमिति ख्यातं यत्परात्परमक्षरम् ॥१८१॥

181. evaṁ dhyāyanti vidvāṁsaḥ paraṁ tattvaṁ sanātanam ,
ṣaḍviṁśakamiti khyātaṁ yatparātparamakṣaram.

181. evam dhyāyanti vidvāṃsaḥ param tattvam sanātanam
ṣaḍviṃśakam iti khyātam yat parāt param akṣaram

181. vidvāṃsaḥ evam sanātanam param tattvam dhyāyanti
yat ṣaḍviṃśakam iti khyātam parāt param akṣaram

181. In this way, the wise meditate upon the supreme, eternal principle, known as the twenty-sixth (tattva), which is the imperishable (akṣaram), higher than the highest.

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• ध्यायन्ति (dhyāyanti) - they meditate, they contemplate

• विद्वांसः (vidvāṁsaḥ) - the wise ones, scholars

• परम् (param) - supreme, highest, ultimate

• तत्त्वम् (tattvam) - principle (tattva) (reality, principle, essence)

• सनातनम् (sanātanam) - eternal, everlasting, ancient

• षड्विंशकम् (ṣaḍviṁśakam) - the twenty-sixth

• इति (iti) - thus, so, indicating a quotation or designation

• ख्यातम् (khyātam) - known, famous, designated

• यत् (yat) - which, what

• परात् (parāt) - than the highest, than the supreme

• परम् (param) - supreme, highest

• अक्षरम् (akṣaram) - imperishable (akṣaram) (imperishable, indestructible, syllable)

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of manner.

ध्यायन्ति (dhyāyanti) - they meditate, they contemplate

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of dhyai

present active indicative

Root dhyai (class 1, bhvādi group)

Root: dhyai (class 1)

विद्वांसः (vidvāṁsaḥ) - the wise ones, scholars

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vidvat

vidvat - wise, learned, knowing

present active participle

Root vid (to know, class 2) + suffix -śatṛ, used substantively

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'dhyāyanti'.

परम् (param) - supreme, highest, ultimate

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, ultimate, other, distant

Note: Qualifies 'tattvam'.

तत्त्वम् (tattvam) - principle (tattva) (reality, principle, essence)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tattva

tattva - reality, truth, principle, essence, element

Derived from tad (that) + tva (suffix for abstract noun)

Note: Object of 'dhyāyanti'.

सनातनम् (sanātanam) - eternal, everlasting, ancient

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sanātana

sanātana - eternal, everlasting, ancient, primeval

Note: Qualifies 'tattvam'.

षड्विंशकम् (ṣaḍviṁśakam) - the twenty-sixth

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ṣaḍviṃśaka

ṣaḍviṁśaka - the twenty-sixth

Derived from ṣaṣ (six) and viṃśati (twenty).

Compound type : dvandva (ṣaṣ+viṃśati)

• ṣaṣ – six
  numeral
• viṃśati – twenty
  numeral (feminine)

Note: Qualifies 'tattvam'.

इति (iti) - thus, so, indicating a quotation or designation

(indeclinable)

ख्यातम् (khyātam) - known, famous, designated

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of khyāta

khyāta - known, famous, celebrated, called

past passive participle

Root khyā (to be known, class 2) + suffix -ta

Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'tattvam'.

यत् (yat) - which, what

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

Note: Relative pronoun, referring to 'tattvam'.

परात् (parāt) - than the highest, than the supreme

(adjective)

Ablative, neuter, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, ultimate, other, distant

Note: Used in comparative construction with 'param'.

परम् (param) - supreme, highest

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, ultimate, other, distant

Note: Qualifies 'akṣaram', forming 'higher than the highest'.

अक्षरम् (akṣaram) - imperishable (akṣaram) (imperishable, indestructible, syllable)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of akṣara

akṣara - imperishable, indestructible, immutable, syllable, letter

Prefix a (negation) + kṣara (perishable, flowing)

Prefix: a

Root: kṣar (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative for 'yat'.