महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-14, verse-40

सुदुःखान्नियमांस्तांस्तान्वहतः सुतपोन्वितान् ।
पश्यन्नुत्फुल्लनयनः प्रवेष्टुमुपचक्रमे ॥४०॥

40. suduḥkhānniyamāṁstāṁstānvahataḥ sutaponvitān ,
paśyannutphullanayanaḥ praveṣṭumupacakrame.

40. suduḥkhān niyamān tān tān vahataḥ sutaponvitān
paśyan utphullanayanaḥ praveṣṭum upacakrame

40. (saḥ) utphullanayanaḥ paśyan suduḥkhān tān tān
sutaponvitān niyamān vahataḥ praveṣṭum upacakrame

40. He, with wide-open eyes, seeing those extremely difficult observances, filled with intense asceticism (tapas), which were being carried out (by others), began to enter.

Words meanings summery:

• सुदुःखान् (suduḥkhān) - very difficult, extremely painful, full of great hardship

• नियमान् (niyamān) - observances, restraints, vows, rules

• तान् तान् (tān tān) - those very, those same

• वहतः (vahataḥ) - of those who observe (the vows) (of him who bears/carries/performs/observes)

• सुतपोन्वितान् (sutaponvitān) - endowed with great asceticism, accompanied by severe penance

• पश्यन् (paśyan) - seeing, looking

• उत्फुल्लनयनः (utphullanayanaḥ) - with wide-open eyes, having blooming eyes

• प्रवेष्टुम् (praveṣṭum) - to enter

• उपचक्रमे (upacakrame) - began, commenced

Words meanings and morphology

सुदुःखान् (suduḥkhān) - very difficult, extremely painful, full of great hardship

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of suduḥkha

suduḥkha - very difficult, extremely painful, full of great hardship

Compound type : tatpurusha (su+duḥkha)

• su – good, well, very, intensely
  indeclinable
• duḥkha – pain, sorrow, suffering, difficulty
  noun (neuter)

Note: modifies niyamān

नियमान् (niyamān) - observances, restraints, vows, rules

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of niyama

niyama - observance, restraint, rule, vow

derived from ni + yam (to restrain)

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

तान् तान् (tān tān) - those very, those same

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: repetition emphasizes 'those very' observances

वहतः (vahataḥ) - of those who observe (the vows) (of him who bears/carries/performs/observes)

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vahat

vahat - bearing, carrying, performing, observing (present participle)

present active participle

derived from root 'vah' (to carry, bear, perform)

Root: vah (class 1)

Note: refers to the unstated agent/observer of the niyamān

सुतपोन्वितान् (sutaponvitān) - endowed with great asceticism, accompanied by severe penance

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sutaponvita

sutaponvita - endowed with great asceticism

Compound type : bahuvrihi or tatpurusha (su+tapas+anvita)

• su – good, well, very, intensely
  indeclinable
• tapas – asceticism (tapas), austerity, heat, penance
  noun (neuter)
• anvita – accompanied, endowed with, possessed of
  adjective
  past passive participle
  derived from anu + i (to go)
  Prefix: anu
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: modifies niyamān

पश्यन् (paśyan) - seeing, looking

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paśyat

paśyat - seeing (present participle of dṛś)

present active participle

derived from root 'dṛś' (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: refers to the subject of upacakrame

उत्फुल्लनयनः (utphullanayanaḥ) - with wide-open eyes, having blooming eyes

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of utphullanayana

utphullanayana - having wide-open eyes

Compound type : bahuvrihi (utphulla+nayana)

• utphulla – blooming, opened, expanded
  adjective
  past passive participle
  derived from ut + sphul (to expand)
  Prefix: ut
  Root: sphul (class 1)
• nayana – eye, leading
  noun (neuter)
  derived from root 'nī' (to lead)
  Root: nī (class 1)

Note: refers to the subject of upacakrame

प्रवेष्टुम् (praveṣṭum) - to enter

(indeclinable)

infinitive

infinitive form of pra + viś (to enter)

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

उपचक्रमे (upacakrame) - began, commenced

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (lit) of upakram

perfect

perfect 3rd person singular, middle voice

Prefix: upa

Root: kram (class 1)