महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-136, verse-7

कथं मित्रमरिं चैव विन्देत भरतर्षभ ।
चेष्टितव्यं कथं चात्र शत्रोर्मित्रस्य चान्तरे ॥७॥

7. kathaṁ mitramariṁ caiva vindeta bharatarṣabha ,
ceṣṭitavyaṁ kathaṁ cātra śatrormitrasya cāntare.

7. katham mitram arim ca eva vindeta bharatarṣabha
ceṣṭitavyam katham ca atra śatroḥ mitrasya ca antare

7. bharatarṣabha katham mitram arim ca eva vindeta ca
atra śatroḥ mitrasya ca antare katham ceṣṭitavyam

7. O best of Bharatas, how should one identify a friend and an enemy? And how should one behave when caught between a friend and an enemy?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how?, in what manner?

• मित्रम् (mitram) - friend, ally

• अरिम् (arim) - enemy, foe, adversary

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, precisely

• विन्देत (vindeta) - one should identify (one should find, one should discern, one should know)

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of Bharatas, O bull among Bharatas

• चेष्टितव्यम् (ceṣṭitavyam) - how should one behave (what should be done, one should act, action to be taken)

• कथम् (katham) - how?, in what manner?

• च (ca) - and

• अत्र (atra) - in this matter (here, in this matter, in this case)

• शत्रोः (śatroḥ) - of an enemy

• मित्रस्य (mitrasya) - of a friend

• च (ca) - and

• अन्तरे (antare) - between, in the middle, in the interval

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how?, in what manner?

(indeclinable)

मित्रम् (mitram) - friend, ally

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mitra

mitra - friend, companion, ally, sun (Vedic)

a-stem noun

Note: Object of vindeta.

अरिम् (arim) - enemy, foe, adversary

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ari

ari - enemy, foe, rival

i-stem noun

Root: ṛ

Note: Object of vindeta.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, precisely

(indeclinable)

विन्देत (vindeta) - one should identify (one should find, one should discern, one should know)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle (ātmanepada), optative (vidhiliṅ) of vid

optative mood

ātmanepada verb.

Root: vid (class 6)

Note: Subject is implied (e.g., 'a person').

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of Bharatas, O bull among Bharatas

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - chief of Bharatas, best of Bharatas (lit. bull of Bharatas)

Compound: Bharata (name of an ancient king/lineage) + ṛṣabha (bull, chief).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – a descendant of Bharata, an Indian, a name
  proper noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, best
  noun (masculine)

Note: Term of address.

चेष्टितव्यम् (ceṣṭitavyam) - how should one behave (what should be done, one should act, action to be taken)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ceṣṭitavya

ceṣṭitavya - to be done, to be acted, fit to be performed

Gerundive / Future Passive Participle

From root ceṣṭ (to act, to move) + suffix -tavya.

Root: ceṣṭ (class 1)

Note: Impersonal construction meaning "it should be acted."

कथम् (katham) - how?, in what manner?

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

अत्र (atra) - in this matter (here, in this matter, in this case)

(indeclinable)

From pronoun idaṃ + suffix tra.

Note: Refers to the situation.

शत्रोः (śatroḥ) - of an enemy

(noun)

masculine, singular of śatru

śatru - enemy, foe, rival

u-stem noun

Root: śad

Note: Used with antare to indicate "between".

मित्रस्य (mitrasya) - of a friend

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of mitra

mitra - friend, companion, ally

a-stem noun

Note: Used with antare.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

अन्तरे (antare) - between, in the middle, in the interval

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of antara

antara - interior, interval, difference, between

a-stem noun

Note: Indicates the situation "between".