महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-136, verse-31

तेन मूषकगन्धेन त्वरमाणमुपागतम् ।
भक्षार्थं लेलिहद्वक्त्रं भूमावूर्ध्वमुखं स्थितम् ॥३१॥

31. tena mūṣakagandhena tvaramāṇamupāgatam ,
bhakṣārthaṁ lelihadvaktraṁ bhūmāvūrdhvamukhaṁ sthitam.

31. tena mūṣakagandhena tvaramāṇam upāgatam bhakṣārtham
lelihadvaktram bhūmau ūrdhvamukham sthitam

31. tena mūṣakagandhena tvaramāṇam bhakṣārtham
lelihadvaktram ūrdhvamukham sthitam upāgatam

31. It had rapidly approached, drawn by the scent of the mouse, its mouth licking (its lips) in anticipation of prey, and was positioned on the ground, facing upwards.

Words meanings summery:

• तेन (tena) - by that (scent) (by that, with that)

• मूषकगन्धेन (mūṣakagandhena) - by the scent of the mouse (by the mouse's scent)

• त्वरमाणम् (tvaramāṇam) - hurrying (mongoose) (hurrying, hastening (accusative))

• उपागतम् (upāgatam) - approached (approached, come near, arrived)

• भक्षार्थम् (bhakṣārtham) - for prey (for eating, for food, for prey)

• लेलिहद्वक्त्रम् (lelihadvaktram) - with its mouth licking (its lips) (having a licking mouth, with a mouth that licks)

• भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground (on the ground, on the earth)

• ऊर्ध्वमुखम् (ūrdhvamukham) - facing upwards (with face upwards, facing upwards)

• स्थितम् (sthitam) - positioned (stood, situated, placed, remaining)

Words meanings and morphology

तेन (tena) - by that (scent) (by that, with that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the mouse scent (mūṣakagandhena).

मूषकगन्धेन (mūṣakagandhena) - by the scent of the mouse (by the mouse's scent)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mūṣakagandha

mūṣakagandha - mouse-scent

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (mūṣaka+gandha)

• mūṣaka – mouse, rat
  noun (masculine)
• gandha – smell, scent, fragrance
  noun (masculine)

त्वरमाणम् (tvaramāṇam) - hurrying (mongoose) (hurrying, hastening (accusative))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tvaramāṇa

tvaramāṇa - hurrying, hastening, quick

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root √tvar

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Modifies the implied 'mongoose'.

उपागतम् (upāgatam) - approached (approached, come near, arrived)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of upāgata

upāgata - approached, come near, arrived

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √gam with prefix upa- and ā-

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Refers to the mongoose, which has approached.

भक्षार्थम् (bhakṣārtham) - for prey (for eating, for food, for prey)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhakṣārtha

bhakṣārtha - for the sake of food/eating

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhakṣa+artha)

• bhakṣa – food, eating, prey
  noun (masculine)
• artha – purpose, aim, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'for the purpose of food'.

लेलिहद्वक्त्रम् (lelihadvaktram) - with its mouth licking (its lips) (having a licking mouth, with a mouth that licks)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of lelihadvaktra

lelihadvaktra - having a licking mouth

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (lelihat+vaktra)

• lelihat – licking, repeatedly licking
  adjective
  Intensive Present Participle
  Derived from root √lih with intensive reduplication
  Root: lih (class 2)
• vaktra – mouth, face
  noun (neuter)

Note: Describes the mongoose.

भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground (on the ground, on the earth)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land, soil

ऊर्ध्वमुखम् (ūrdhvamukham) - facing upwards (with face upwards, facing upwards)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ūrdhvamukha

ūrdhvamukha - with face upwards, facing upwards

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ūrdhva+mukha)

• ūrdhva – upwards, high, elevated
  adjective (neuter)
• mukha – mouth, face
  noun (neuter)

Note: Describes the mongoose.

स्थितम् (sthitam) - positioned (stood, situated, placed, remaining)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sthita

sthita - stood, situated, placed, remaining, existing

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √sthā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Describes the mongoose.