महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-136, verse-12

भीष्म उवाच ।
त्वद्युक्तोऽयमनुप्रश्नो युधिष्ठिर गुणोदयः ।
शृणु मे पुत्र कार्त्स्न्येन गुह्यमापत्सु भारत ॥१२॥

12. bhīṣma uvāca ,
tvadyukto'yamanupraśno yudhiṣṭhira guṇodayaḥ ,
śṛṇu me putra kārtsnyena guhyamāpatsu bhārata.

12. bhīṣma uvāca tvat yuktaḥ ayam anupraśnaḥ yudhiṣṭhira
guṇodayaḥ śṛṇu me putra kārtsnyena guhyam āpattsu bhārata

12. bhīṣma uvāca yudhiṣṭhira tvat yuktaḥ ayam anupraśnaḥ
guṇodayaḥ putra bhārata me guhyam āpattsu kārtsnyena śṛṇu

12. Bhīṣma said: O Yudhiṣṭhira, this question, prompted by you, is indeed a source of virtue. O my son, O descendant of Bharata, listen to my secret teaching completely, concerning situations of calamity.

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• त्वत् (tvat) - by you (ablative of pronominal base)

• युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - joined, connected, appropriate, fit, prompted by

• अयम् (ayam) - this (masculine)

• अनुप्रश्नः (anupraśnaḥ) - a subsequent question, a detailed question, inquiry

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira

• गुणोदयः (guṇodayaḥ) - a source of virtues, rising of merits, excellence

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

• मे (me) - my, of me

• पुत्र (putra) - O son

• कार्त्स्न्येन (kārtsnyena) - completely, entirely, in its completeness

• गुह्यम् (guhyam) - secret, hidden (thing)

• आपत्त्सु (āpattsu) - in calamities, in distresses

• भारत (bhārata) - O descendant of Bharata (an epithet of various kings, including Yudhiṣṭhira)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhīṣma (proper name), terrible, formidable

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

त्वत् (tvat) - by you (ablative of pronominal base)

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular, plural, all genders)

युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - joined, connected, appropriate, fit, prompted by

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yukta

yukta - joined, united, employed, appropriate, engaged in, connected

Past Passive Participle

P.P.P. from root yuj

Root: yuj (class 7)

अयम् (ayam) - this (masculine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, here

अनुप्रश्नः (anupraśnaḥ) - a subsequent question, a detailed question, inquiry

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anupraśna

anupraśna - a subsequent question, a detailed inquiry

from anu + praśna (from root prach)

Prefix: anu

Root: prach (class 6)

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name), steady in battle

गुणोदयः (guṇodayaḥ) - a source of virtues, rising of merits, excellence

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of guṇodaya

guṇodaya - rising of virtues/qualities, excellence, prosperity of merits

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (guṇa+udaya)

• guṇa – quality, virtue, merit, attribute, strand
  noun (masculine)
• udaya – rising, rise, origin, prosperity, coming forth
  noun (masculine)
  from ud-i (to rise)
  Prefix: ud
  Root: i (class 2)

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Root: śru (class 5)

मे (me) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me, we, us

पुत्र (putra) - O son

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child, offspring

कार्त्स्न्येन (kārtsnyena) - completely, entirely, in its completeness

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of kārtsnya

kārtsnya - totality, completeness, entireness

abstract noun from kṛtsna (whole, entire)

गुह्यम् (guhyam) - secret, hidden (thing)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of guhya

guhya - secret, hidden, mysterious, to be concealed

gerundive

potential passive participle from root guh

Root: guh (class 1)

आपत्त्सु (āpattsu) - in calamities, in distresses

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of āpatt

āpatt - calamity, distress, misfortune, danger

from ā-pad (to fall into difficulty)

Prefix: ā

Root: pad (class 4)

भारत (bhārata) - O descendant of Bharata (an epithet of various kings, including Yudhiṣṭhira)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata, Indian

patronymic (aṇ) from Bharata