महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-136, verse-34

आपद्यस्यां सुकष्टायां मरणे समुपस्थिते ।
समन्ताद्भय उत्पन्ने कथं कार्यं हितैषिणा ॥३४॥

34. āpadyasyāṁ sukaṣṭāyāṁ maraṇe samupasthite ,
samantādbhaya utpanne kathaṁ kāryaṁ hitaiṣiṇā.

34. āpadi asyām sukaṣṭāyām maraṇe samupasthite
samantāt bhaya utpanne katham kāryam hitaiṣiṇā

34. asyām sukaṣṭāyām āpadi,
maraṇe samupasthite,
samantāt bhaya utpanne,
hitaiṣiṇā katham kāryam

34. When this extremely difficult calamity has arisen, with death imminent, and fear originating from all sides, how should a well-wisher act?

Words meanings summery:

• आपदि (āpadi) - in this calamity (in calamity, in distress, in misfortune)

• अस्याम् (asyām) - in this (calamity) (in this, on this)

• सुकष्टायाम् (sukaṣṭāyām) - in this very difficult (calamity) (in a very difficult, in a very painful)

• मरणे (maraṇe) - with death imminent (in death, at the time of dying)

• समुपस्थिते (samupasthite) - being imminent, having arrived (having approached, being present, imminent)

• समन्तात् (samantāt) - from all sides (from all sides, all around, everywhere)

• भय (bhaya) - fear (fear, dread, danger)

• उत्पन्ने (utpanne) - having arisen (fear) (having arisen, produced, occurred)

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner, why)

• कार्यम् (kāryam) - what action is to be done (action, deed, purpose, to be done)

• हितैषिणा (hitaiṣiṇā) - by a well-wisher (by a well-wisher, by one who desires good)

Words meanings and morphology

आपदि (āpadi) - in this calamity (in calamity, in distress, in misfortune)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of āpad

āpad - calamity, distress, misfortune, danger

Prefix: ā

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Refers to the current difficult situation.

अस्याम् (asyām) - in this (calamity) (in this, on this)

(pronoun)

Locative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, she, it

Note: Adjective to āpadi.

सुकष्टायाम् (sukaṣṭāyām) - in this very difficult (calamity) (in a very difficult, in a very painful)

(adjective)

Locative, feminine, singular of sukaṣṭa

sukaṣṭa - very difficult, very painful, greatly troubled

su (very) + kaṣṭa (difficult, painful).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+kaṣṭa)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
  prefix/intensifier
• kaṣṭa – difficult, painful, bad, evil
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle of root 'kaṣ' (to scratch, test), meaning 'troubled, difficult'.
  Root: kaṣ (class 1)

Note: Adjective to āpadi.

मरणे (maraṇe) - with death imminent (in death, at the time of dying)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of maraṇa

maraṇa - death, dying, act of dying

Derived from root mṛ (to die).

Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.

समुपस्थिते (samupasthite) - being imminent, having arrived (having approached, being present, imminent)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of samupasthita

samupasthita - approached, present, imminent, arrived

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root sthā with prefixes sam and upa.

Prefixes: sam+upa

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Adjective to maraṇe, part of a locative absolute construction.

समन्तात् (samantāt) - from all sides (from all sides, all around, everywhere)

(indeclinable)

From samanta (all around) with ablative suffix tasil.

Note: Adverb.

भय (bhaya) - fear (fear, dread, danger)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, danger

Derived from root bhī (to fear).

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Subject of the locative absolute construction (bhaya utpanne).

उत्पन्ने (utpanne) - having arisen (fear) (having arisen, produced, occurred)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of utpanna

utpanna - arisen, produced, born, occurred

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root pad with prefix ut and suffix kta.

Prefix: ut

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Adjective to bhaya, part of a locative absolute construction.

कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner, why)

(indeclinable)

कार्यम् (kāryam) - what action is to be done (action, deed, purpose, to be done)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kārya

kārya - action, deed, purpose, to be done, duty

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

Formed from root kṛ with suffix ṇyat or yat.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject of implied verb 'is'.

हितैषिणा (hitaiṣiṇā) - by a well-wisher (by a well-wisher, by one who desires good)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of hitaiṣin

hitaiṣin - well-wisher, one who desires good, benevolent

Compound hita (good) + eṣin (desiring). Root iṣ with e due to sandhi/derivation.

Compound type : upapada-tatpurusha (hita+eṣin)

• hita – beneficial, good, welfare
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Root dhā (to place, hold) with prefix hi, or root hita.
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• eṣin – desiring, seeking
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/adjective
  from root iṣ (to desire, seek)
  Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: Agent of the action to be done.