महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-136, verse-148

प्रियो भवति दानेन प्रियवादेन चापरः ।
मन्त्रहोमजपैरन्यः कार्यार्थं प्रीयते जनः ॥१४८॥

148. priyo bhavati dānena priyavādena cāparaḥ ,
mantrahomajapairanyaḥ kāryārthaṁ prīyate janaḥ.

148. priyaḥ bhavati dānena priyavādena ca aparaḥ
mantrahomajapaiḥ anyaḥ kāryārtham prīyate janaḥ

148. janaḥ dānena priyaḥ bhavati ca aparaḥ priyavādena [priyaḥ
bhavati] anyaḥ [janaḥ] kāryārtham mantrahomajapaiḥ prīyate

148. One person becomes dear through charity (dāna), and another through pleasant speech. Yet another person is pleased or becomes dear for the sake of an objective by means of sacred verses (mantra), oblations (homa), and silent recitation (japa).

Words meanings summery:

• प्रियः (priyaḥ) - dear, beloved, pleasing

• भवति (bhavati) - becomes (dear) (is, exists, becomes, happens)

• दानेन (dānena) - by giving, by donation, by charity

• प्रियवादेन (priyavādena) - by pleasant speech, by kind words

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• अपरः (aparaḥ) - another (person) (another, other, different)

• मन्त्रहोमजपैः (mantrahomajapaiḥ) - by mantras, oblations, and silent recitations

• अन्यः (anyaḥ) - another (person) (another, other, different)

• कार्यार्थम् (kāryārtham) - for the sake of an objective, for a purpose, for a task

• प्रीयते (prīyate) - is pleased / becomes dear (is pleased, becomes dear, is loved, delights in)

• जनः (janaḥ) - person (person, people, man)

Words meanings and morphology

प्रियः (priyaḥ) - dear, beloved, pleasing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of priya

priya - dear, beloved, pleasing, agreeable, fond of

Derived from root 'prī' (to please, to love).

Root: prī (class 9)

भवति (bhavati) - becomes (dear) (is, exists, becomes, happens)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

दानेन (dānena) - by giving, by donation, by charity

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of dāna

dāna - giving, gift, charity, donation, generosity

Derived from root 'dā' (to give).

Root: dā (class 3)

प्रियवादेन (priyavādena) - by pleasant speech, by kind words

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of priyavāda

priyavāda - pleasant speech, kind words

Compound of 'priya' (pleasant) and 'vāda' (speech).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (priya+vāda)

• priya – dear, beloved, pleasing, agreeable
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root 'prī' (to please, to love).
  Root: prī (class 9)
• vāda – speech, saying, discourse, discussion
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'vad' (to speak).
  Root: vad (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

अपरः (aparaḥ) - another (person) (another, other, different)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apara

apara - other, another, posterior, inferior, western

मन्त्रहोमजपैः (mantrahomajapaiḥ) - by mantras, oblations, and silent recitations

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mantrahomajapa

mantrahomajapa - sacred verses, oblations, and silent recitations (collectively)

Dvandva compound of 'mantra' (sacred verse), 'homa' (oblation), and 'japa' (silent recitation).

Compound type : dvandva (mantra+homa+japa)

• mantra – sacred verse, hymn, formula, incantation
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'man' (to think) with suffix '-tra'.
  Root: man (class 4)
• homa – oblation, sacrifice, burnt offering
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'hu' (to offer in fire).
  Root: hu (class 3)
• japa – muttering, whispering, silent recitation (especially of prayers or sacred texts)
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'jap' (to murmur, to whisper).
  Root: jap (class 1)

अन्यः (anyaḥ) - another (person) (another, other, different)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anya

anya - other, another, different

कार्यार्थम् (kāryārtham) - for the sake of an objective, for a purpose, for a task

(indeclinable)

Compound of 'kārya' (that which is to be done, task) and 'artha' (purpose, sake).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kārya+artha)

• kārya – to be done, proper to be done, duty, business, objective, task
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive
  Gerundive of root 'kṛ' (to do, to make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• artha – object, purpose, meaning, wealth, gain, sake
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛdh (class 5)

Note: Functions as an adverbial accusative.

प्रीयते (prīyate) - is pleased / becomes dear (is pleased, becomes dear, is loved, delights in)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of prī

Root: prī (class 9)

जनः (janaḥ) - person (person, people, man)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jana

jana - person, man, people, creature

Root: jan (class 4)