महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-136, verse-28

स तमुन्माथमारुह्य तदामिषमभक्षयत् ।
तस्योपरि सपत्नस्य बद्धस्य मनसा हसन् ॥२८॥

28. sa tamunmāthamāruhya tadāmiṣamabhakṣayat ,
tasyopari sapatnasya baddhasya manasā hasan.

28. sa tam unmātham āruhya tad āmiṣam abhakṣayat
tasya upari sapatnasya baddhasya manasā hasan

28. sa tam unmātham āruhya tad āmiṣam abhakṣayat
tasya baddhasya sapatnasya upari manasā hasan

28. He (Palita) climbed that stake and ate that meat, mentally laughing at his bound rival.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he (Palita) (he, that)

• तम् (tam) - that (that (masc. acc. sg.))

• उन्माथम् (unmātham) - stake (trap) (stake, post, instrument for uprooting)

• आरुह्य (āruhya) - climbed (having climbed, having ascended)

• तद् (tad) - that (that (neuter nom./acc. sg.))

• आमिषम् (āmiṣam) - meat (meat, flesh, prey)

• अभक्षयत् (abhakṣayat) - ate (ate, consumed)

• तस्य (tasya) - his (of him, his)

• उपरि (upari) - over/at (in the sense of 'at the expense of' or 'regarding') (over, above, upon)

• सपत्नस्य (sapatnasya) - of his rival (of the rival, of the enemy)

• बद्धस्य (baddhasya) - of the bound (rival) (of the bound one, of the caught one)

• मनसा (manasā) - mentally, in his mind (by mind, mentally)

• हसन् (hasan) - laughing (laughing, smiling)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he (Palita) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of 'abhakṣayat' and 'hasan'.

तम् (tam) - that (that (masc. acc. sg.))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'unmātham'.

उन्माथम् (unmātham) - stake (trap) (stake, post, instrument for uprooting)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of unmātha

unmātha - an instrument for uprooting, a stake, a post; a trap (like a noose or snare on a stake)

From root math (to churn, agitate, destroy) with prefix ut-.

Prefix: ut

Root: math (class 1)

Note: Object of 'āruhya'.

आरुह्य (āruhya) - climbed (having climbed, having ascended)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Root ruh (1st class, Bhvādi) with prefix ā-, and suffix -ya (lab).

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

Note: Expresses an action preceding 'abhakṣayat'.

तद् (tad) - that (that (neuter nom./acc. sg.))

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'āmiṣam'.

आमिषम् (āmiṣam) - meat (meat, flesh, prey)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of āmiṣa

āmiṣa - meat, flesh, prey, food

Note: Object of 'abhakṣayat'.

अभक्षयत् (abhakṣayat) - ate (ate, consumed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhakṣ

Imperfect Active

Root bhakṣ (10th class, Curādi, or denominative from bhakṣa), Imperfect tense (laṅ), 3rd person singular.

Root: bhakṣ (class 10)

तस्य (tasya) - his (of him, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Possessive, refers to the enemy.

उपरि (upari) - over/at (in the sense of 'at the expense of' or 'regarding') (over, above, upon)

(indeclinable)

Preposition/adverb.

Note: Governs 'sapatnasya'.

सपत्नस्य (sapatnasya) - of his rival (of the rival, of the enemy)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sapatna

sapatna - rival, enemy, adversary

From 'sa-' (with) + 'patnī' (wife, implying sharing a wife, hence rivalry).

Note: Governed by 'upari'.

बद्धस्य (baddhasya) - of the bound (rival) (of the bound one, of the caught one)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of baddha

baddha - bound, caught, fastened, tied

Past Passive Participle

From root badh.

Root: badh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'sapatnasya'.

मनसा (manasā) - mentally, in his mind (by mind, mentally)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, heart, thought

s-ending neuter noun.

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Denotes the means or manner of action 'hasan'.

हसन् (hasan) - laughing (laughing, smiling)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hasat

hasat - laughing, smiling

Present Active Participle

From root has (to laugh), present active participle suffix -śatṛ (declined as nominative singular masculine).

Root: has (class 1)

Note: Indicates simultaneous action with 'abhakṣayat'.