महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-136, verse-184

न ह्यमित्रवशं यान्ति प्राज्ञा निष्कारणं सखे ।
अस्मिन्नर्थे च गाथे द्वे निबोधोशनसा कृते ॥१८४॥

184. na hyamitravaśaṁ yānti prājñā niṣkāraṇaṁ sakhe ,
asminnarthe ca gāthe dve nibodhośanasā kṛte.

184. na hi amitra-vaśam yānti prājñāḥ niṣkāraṇam sakhe
asmin arthe ca gāthe dve nibodha uśanasā kṛte

184. sakhe prājñāḥ hi niṣkāraṇam amitra-vaśam na yānti
ca asmin arthe uśanasā kṛte dve gāthe nibodha

184. Indeed, my friend, wise individuals do not fall into the power of an enemy without reason. And on this matter, understand these two verses (gāthā) composed by Uśanas.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely

• अमित्र-वशम् (amitra-vaśam) - into the power of an enemy

• यान्ति (yānti) - they fall (into the power of) (they go, they move, they fall)

• प्राज्ञाः (prājñāḥ) - wise persons, intelligent ones

• निष्कारणम् (niṣkāraṇam) - without cause, without reason

• सखे (sakhe) - O friend

• अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this

• अर्थे (arthe) - on this matter (on the matter, in the meaning)

• च (ca) - and, also

• गाथे (gāthe) - two verses

• द्वे (dve) - two

• निबोध (nibodha) - understand, learn

• उशनसा (uśanasā) - by Uśanas (Śukra)

• कृते (kṛte) - made, done, composed (dual)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely

(indeclinable)

अमित्र-वशम् (amitra-vaśam) - into the power of an enemy

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of amitra-vaśa

amitra-vaśa - the power/control of an enemy

Compound type : tatpurusha (amitra+vaśa)

• amitra – enemy, not a friend
  noun (masculine)
• vaśa – power, control, will, subjection
  noun (masculine)

यान्ति (yānti) - they fall (into the power of) (they go, they move, they fall)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of yā

Root: yā (class 2)

प्राज्ञाः (prājñāḥ) - wise persons, intelligent ones

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prājña

prājña - wise, intelligent, knowing, learned (as a noun: a wise man)

निष्कारणम् (niṣkāraṇam) - without cause, without reason

(indeclinable)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nis+kāraṇa)

• nis – without, out, free from (prefix)
  indeclinable
• kāraṇa – cause, reason, motive, instrument
  noun (neuter)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Used adverbially here.

सखे (sakhe) - O friend

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sakhi

sakhi - friend, companion

अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

अर्थे (arthe) - on this matter (on the matter, in the meaning)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - meaning, purpose, object, matter, wealth, thing

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

गाथे (gāthe) - two verses

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, dual of gāthā

gāthā - verse, stanza, song, proverb

द्वे (dve) - two

(numeral)

निबोध (nibodha) - understand, learn

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of ni-budh

Prefix: ni

Root: budh (class 1)

उशनसा (uśanasā) - by Uśanas (Śukra)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of uśanas

uśanas - name of a celebrated ancient sage, preceptor of the Daityas, identified with Śukra

कृते (kṛte) - made, done, composed (dual)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, dual of kṛta

kṛta - made, done, performed, composed

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)