महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-136, verse-5

विषमस्थं हि राजानं शत्रवः परिपन्थिनः ।
बहवोऽप्येकमुद्धर्तुं यतन्ते पूर्वतापिताः ॥५॥

5. viṣamasthaṁ hi rājānaṁ śatravaḥ paripanthinaḥ ,
bahavo'pyekamuddhartuṁ yatante pūrvatāpitāḥ.

5. viṣamastham hi rājānam śatravaḥ paripanthinaḥ
bahavaḥ api ekam uddhartum yatante pūrvatāpitāḥ

5. hi pūrvatāpitāḥ bahavaḥ api śatravaḥ paripanthinaḥ
viṣamastham ekam rājānam uddhartum yatante

5. Indeed, adversaries, previously tormented by him, obstruct a king who is in a precarious situation. Many of them strive to depose that single ruler.

Words meanings summery:

• विषमस्थम् (viṣamastham) - in a precarious situation (situated in difficulty, in a dangerous position, in a perilous state)

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because, for

• राजानम् (rājānam) - king, ruler, sovereign

• शत्रवः (śatravaḥ) - enemies, foes, adversaries

• परिपन्थिनः (paripanthinaḥ) - obstructors, those who stand in the way, adversaries

• बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many, numerous

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• एकम् (ekam) - one, single

• उद्धर्तुम् (uddhartum) - to depose (to raise, to lift, to remove, to overthrow, to depose)

• यतन्ते (yatante) - they strive, they attempt, they endeavor

• पूर्वतापिताः (pūrvatāpitāḥ) - previously tormented, formerly distressed

Words meanings and morphology

विषमस्थम् (viṣamastham) - in a precarious situation (situated in difficulty, in a dangerous position, in a perilous state)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viṣamastha

viṣamastha - situated in difficulty, in a dangerous position, in a perilous state

Compound: viṣama (uneven, difficult) + stha (standing, situated)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (viṣama+stha)

• viṣama – difficult, uneven, dangerous
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
• stha – standing, situated, being
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  From root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies rājānam.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because, for

(indeclinable)

राजानम् (rājānam) - king, ruler, sovereign

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

n-stem noun

Root: rāj

Note: Object of uddhartum (implied with yatante).

शत्रवः (śatravaḥ) - enemies, foes, adversaries

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śatru

śatru - enemy, foe, rival

u-stem noun

Root: śad

Note: Subject of yatante.

परिपन्थिनः (paripanthinaḥ) - obstructors, those who stand in the way, adversaries

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of paripanthin

paripanthin - obstructer, highwayman, adversary

From pari (around) + panthan (path). One who obstructs the path.

Prefix: pari

Root: path

Note: Qualifies śatravaḥ.

बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many, numerous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much, numerous

u-stem adjective

Note: Qualifies śatravaḥ (implicitly).

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

एकम् (ekam) - one, single

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, single, alone, unique

Note: Qualifies rājānam.

उद्धर्तुम् (uddhartum) - to depose (to raise, to lift, to remove, to overthrow, to depose)

(indeclinable)

infinitive

From ut (up) + hṛ (to carry, take)

Prefix: ut

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Expresses purpose.

यतन्ते (yatante) - they strive, they attempt, they endeavor

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle (ātmanepada), present (laṭ) of yat

present tense

Atmanepada verb.

Root: yat (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

पूर्वतापिताः (pūrvatāpitāḥ) - previously tormented, formerly distressed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pūrvatāpita

pūrvatāpita - previously tormented/afflicted/oppressed

Past Passive Participle

Compound: pūrva (former) + tāpita (tormented). Tāpita from root tap (to torment) with causative -i and pp suffix -ta.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (pūrva+tāpita)

• pūrva – former, prior, previous
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
• tāpita – tormented, afflicted, heated (causative P.P.P. of tap)
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Causative stem tāpi- from root tap + suffix -ta
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Qualifies śatravaḥ.