महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-136, verse-198

कालेन रिपुणा संधिः काले मित्रेण विग्रहः ।
कार्य इत्येव तत्त्वज्ञाः प्राहुर्नित्यं युधिष्ठिर ॥१९८॥

198. kālena ripuṇā saṁdhiḥ kāle mitreṇa vigrahaḥ ,
kārya ityeva tattvajñāḥ prāhurnityaṁ yudhiṣṭhira.

198. kālena ripuṇā sandhiḥ kāle mitreṇa vigrahaḥ kāryaḥ
iti eva tattvajñāḥ prāhuḥ nityam yudhiṣṭhira

198. yudhiṣṭhira tattvajñāḥ nityam prāhuḥ iti eva kālena
ripuṇā sandhiḥ kāryaḥ kāle mitreṇa vigrahaḥ kāryaḥ

198. O Yudhiṣṭhira, experts in principles (tattvajñāḥ) always state that a treaty (sandhi) should be concluded with an enemy at the opportune moment, and a conflict (vigraha) with an ally at the appropriate time.

Words meanings summery:

• कालेन (kālena) - at the opportune moment (by time, at the proper time, due to time)

• रिपुणा (ripuṇā) - by/with an enemy

• सन्धिः (sandhiḥ) - treaty, alliance, peace, union

• काले (kāle) - at the appropriate time (at the time, at the proper time)

• मित्रेण (mitreṇa) - by/with a friend, with an ally

• विग्रहः (vigrahaḥ) - war, conflict, hostility, separation

• कार्यः (kāryaḥ) - to be done, should be performed, duty, action

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, certainly

• तत्त्वज्ञाः (tattvajñāḥ) - experts in principles (those who know the truth/principles, experts in reality)

• प्राहुः (prāhuḥ) - they say, they declare, they speak

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira

Words meanings and morphology

कालेन (kālena) - at the opportune moment (by time, at the proper time, due to time)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, proper time, season, fate

Note: Used adverbially here to mean 'at the right time'.

रिपुणा (ripuṇā) - by/with an enemy

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ripu

ripu - enemy, foe

Note: Denotes association or means ('with an enemy').

सन्धिः (sandhiḥ) - treaty, alliance, peace, union

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sandhi

sandhi - union, conjunction, treaty, peace, alliance

From prefix 'sam' + root 'dhā' (to place) + suffix 'i'.

Prefix: sam

Root: dhā (class 3)

काले (kāle) - at the appropriate time (at the time, at the proper time)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, proper time, season, fate

Note: Used adverbially.

मित्रेण (mitreṇa) - by/with a friend, with an ally

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mitra

mitra - friend, ally, companion, sun

Note: Denotes association.

विग्रहः (vigrahaḥ) - war, conflict, hostility, separation

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vigraha

vigraha - war, conflict, hostility, separation, body

From prefix 'vi' + root 'grah' (to seize).

Prefix: vi

Root: grah (class 9)

कार्यः (kāryaḥ) - to be done, should be performed, duty, action

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kārya

kārya - to be done, fit to be done, duty, business, action

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

Derived from root 'kṛ' (to do) with suffix 'ṇyat'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Implies obligation or suitability.

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner

(indeclinable)

Particle used to mark conclusion, quotation, or manner.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, certainly

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

तत्त्वज्ञाः (tattvajñāḥ) - experts in principles (those who know the truth/principles, experts in reality)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tattvajña

tattvajña - knowing the truth, understanding principles, expert in reality

Compound formed from 'tattva' and 'jña' (knower).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tattva+jña)

• tattva – truth, reality, principle, essence
  noun (neuter)
• jña – knower, understanding
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'jñā' (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

प्राहुः (prāhuḥ) - they say, they declare, they speak

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of ah

Perfect tense

3rd person plural, perfect active. Root 'ah' is defective, often supplemented by 'brū'. With prefix 'pra' (to speak forth, declare).

Prefix: pra

Root: ah (class 2)

नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form of 'nitya' (constant, eternal).

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava)

'Firm in battle' (yudhi sthira).

Note: Directly addressed.