महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-3, verse-99

स एवमुक्त उपाध्यायेनोपाध्यायिनीमपृच्छत् ।
भवत्युपाध्यायेनास्म्यनुज्ञातो गृहं गन्तुम् ।
तदिच्छामीष्टं ते गुर्वर्थमुपहृत्यानृणो गन्तुम् ।
तदाज्ञापयतु भवती ।
किमुपहरामि गुर्वर्थमिति ॥९९॥

99. sa evamukta upādhyāyenopādhyāyinīmapṛcchat ,
bhavatyupādhyāyenāsmyanujñāto gṛhaṁ gantum ,
tadicchāmīṣṭaṁ te gurvarthamupahṛtyānṛṇo gantum ,
tadājñāpayatu bhavatī ,
kimupaharāmi gurvarthamiti.

99. saḥ evam uktaḥ upādhyāyena upādhyāyinīm apṛcchat |
bhavati upādhyāyena asmi anujñātaḥ gṛham gantum | tat
icchāmi iṣṭam te guru-artham upahṛtya anṛṇaḥ gantum |
tat ājñāpayatu bhavatī | kim upaharāmi guru-artham iti

99. Thus addressed by the teacher, he asked the teacher's wife, "Reverend Madam, I have been permitted by the teacher to go home. Therefore, I wish to offer you what is desired as a guru's fee and then depart free of debt. So, please command, Madam! What shall I offer for the guru's fee?"

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - (referring to Uttanka) (he, that)

• एवम् (evam) - thus, so, in this manner

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - having been addressed (said, spoken, addressed)

• उपाध्यायेन (upādhyāyena) - by the teacher

• उपाध्यायिनीम् (upādhyāyinīm) - teacher's wife (accusative)

• अपृच्छत् (apṛcchat) - he asked, inquired

• भवति (bhavati) - reverend madam (your honor, madam (feminine vocative))

• उपाध्यायेन (upādhyāyena) - by the teacher

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am

• अनुज्ञातः (anujñātaḥ) - having been granted permission (permitted, allowed, instructed)

• गृहम् (gṛham) - home, house (accusative)

• गन्तुम् (gantum) - to go

• तत् (tat) - therefore, so (that, therefore, so)

• इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish, I desire

• इष्टम् (iṣṭam) - what is desired (by you, the guru's wife) (desired, wished; a desired thing)

• ते (te) - to you (the guru's wife) (to you, for you (dative/genitive of tvam))

• गुरु-अर्थम् (guru-artham) - as a guru's fee/offering (for the sake of the guru, for the guru's purpose)

• उपहृत्य (upahṛtya) - having offered, having presented

• अनृणः (anṛṇaḥ) - having fulfilled my obligation (free from debt, debtless)

• गन्तुम् (gantum) - to go

• तत् (tat) - therefore, so (that, therefore, so)

• आज्ञापयतु (ājñāpayatu) - please command (let him/you command, order)

• भवती (bhavatī) - madam, you (your honor, you (feminine))

• किम् (kim) - what, which

• उपहरामि (upaharāmi) - I offer, I present

• गुरु-अर्थम् (guru-artham) - as a guru's fee/offering (for the sake of the guru, for the guru's purpose)

• इति (iti) - marks the end of a quotation or statement (thus, so, this)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - (referring to Uttanka) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

एवम् (evam) - thus, so, in this manner

(indeclinable)

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - having been addressed (said, spoken, addressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - said, spoken, declared

past passive participle

from √vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Qualifies Uttanka.

उपाध्यायेन (upādhyāyena) - by the teacher

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of upādhyāya

upādhyāya - teacher, preceptor

from upa-adhi-√i (to go, study)

Prefixes: upa+adhi

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agent of the passive participle 'uktaḥ' and 'anujñātaḥ'.

उपाध्यायिनीम् (upādhyāyinīm) - teacher's wife (accusative)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of upādhyāyinī

upādhyāyinī - teacher's wife, female teacher

feminine of upādhyāya

Prefixes: upa+adhi

Root: i (class 2)

अपृच्छत् (apṛcchat) - he asked, inquired

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of prach

Root: prach (class 6)

Note: Has augment 'a-' for past tense.

भवति (bhavati) - reverend madam (your honor, madam (feminine vocative))

(pronoun)

Vocative, feminine, singular of bhavatī

bhavatī - your honor, you (feminine)

present participle

feminine of bhavat, from √bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Refers to the teacher's wife.

उपाध्यायेन (upādhyāyena) - by the teacher

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of upādhyāya

upādhyāya - teacher, preceptor

from upa-adhi-√i (to go, study)

Prefixes: upa+adhi

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agent of the passive participle 'anujñātaḥ'.

अस्मि (asmi) - I am

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Copula.

अनुज्ञातः (anujñātaḥ) - having been granted permission (permitted, allowed, instructed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anujñāta

anujñāta - permitted, allowed, instructed

past passive participle

from anu-√jñā (to know, perceive)

Prefix: anu

Root: jñā (class 9)

गृहम् (gṛham) - home, house (accusative)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of gṛha

gṛha - house, home, dwelling

Note: Functions adverbially to indicate destination.

गन्तुम् (gantum) - to go

(indeclinable)

infinitive

from √gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

तत् (tat) - therefore, so (that, therefore, so)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Used adverbially.

इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish, I desire

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of icch

from √iṣ, desiderative root, with root vowel lengthening.

Root: iṣ (class 6)

इष्टम् (iṣṭam) - what is desired (by you, the guru's wife) (desired, wished; a desired thing)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of iṣṭa

iṣṭa - desired, wished for, beloved, worshipped; a desired object

past passive participle

from √iṣ (to wish, desire)

Root: iṣ (class 6)

ते (te) - to you (the guru's wife) (to you, for you (dative/genitive of tvam))

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular/plural)

गुरु-अर्थम् (guru-artham) - as a guru's fee/offering (for the sake of the guru, for the guru's purpose)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of guru-artha

guru-artha - for the sake of the guru, for the guru's purpose, as guru-दक्षिणा

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (guru+artha)

• guru – teacher, preceptor, heavy
  noun (masculine)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, thing
  noun (masculine)

Note: Functions as an adverbial accusative here.

उपहृत्य (upahṛtya) - having offered, having presented

(indeclinable)

gerund (absolutive)

from upa-√hṛ (to carry)

Prefix: upa

Root: hṛ (class 1)

अनृणः (anṛṇaḥ) - having fulfilled my obligation (free from debt, debtless)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anṛṇa

anṛṇa - debtless, free from debt, having discharged obligations

compound: an (neg.) + ṛṇa (debt)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (an+ṛṇa)

• an – not, un-, without
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• ṛṇa – debt, obligation, duty
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies Uttanka.

गन्तुम् (gantum) - to go

(indeclinable)

infinitive

from √gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

तत् (tat) - therefore, so (that, therefore, so)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Used adverbially.

आज्ञापयतु (ājñāpayatu) - please command (let him/you command, order)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of ājñāpay

causative

from ā-√jñā (to know)

Prefix: ā

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Used honorifically for the 2nd person (you).

भवती (bhavatī) - madam, you (your honor, you (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhavatī

bhavatī - your honor, you (feminine)

present participle

feminine of bhavat, from √bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Refers to the teacher's wife.

किम् (kim) - what, which

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who

Note: Also functions as an interrogative adverb.

उपहरामि (upaharāmi) - I offer, I present

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of upahṛ

from upa-√hṛ (to carry)

Prefix: upa

Root: hṛ (class 1)

गुरु-अर्थम् (guru-artham) - as a guru's fee/offering (for the sake of the guru, for the guru's purpose)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of guru-artha

guru-artha - for the sake of the guru, for the guru's purpose, as guru-दक्षिणा

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (guru+artha)

• guru – teacher, preceptor, heavy
  noun (masculine)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, thing
  noun (masculine)

Note: Functions as an adverbial accusative here.

इति (iti) - marks the end of a quotation or statement (thus, so, this)

(indeclinable)