महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-3, verse-99

स एवमुक्त उपाध्यायेनोपाध्यायिनीमपृच्छत् ।
भवत्युपाध्यायेनास्म्यनुज्ञातो गृहं गन्तुम् ।
तदिच्छामीष्टं ते गुर्वर्थमुपहृत्यानृणो गन्तुम् ।
तदाज्ञापयतु भवती ।
किमुपहरामि गुर्वर्थमिति ॥९९॥

99. sa evamukta upādhyāyenopādhyāyinīmapṛcchat ,
bhavatyupādhyāyenāsmyanujñāto gṛhaṁ gantum ,
tadicchāmīṣṭaṁ te gurvarthamupahṛtyānṛṇo gantum ,
tadājñāpayatu bhavatī ,
kimupaharāmi gurvarthamiti.

99. saḥ evam uktaḥ upādhyāyena upādhyāyinīm apṛcchat |
bhavati upādhyāyena asmi anujñātaḥ gṛham gantum | tat
icchāmi iṣṭam te guru-artham upahṛtya anṛṇaḥ gantum |
tat ājñāpayatu bhavatī | kim upaharāmi guru-artham iti

99. Thus addressed by the teacher, he asked the teacher's wife, "Reverend Madam, I have been permitted by the teacher to go home. Therefore, I wish to offer you what is desired as a guru's fee and then depart free of debt. So, please command, Madam! What shall I offer for the guru's fee?"

99. כשאמר לו המורה כך, שאל את אשת המורה, גברתי, המורה התיר לי ללכת הביתה. אני רוצה להביא לך את המתנה הרצויה למורה ולצאת לדרך כשאני פטור מחוב. לכן תני לי הוראה, גברתי. מה להביא למורה?

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - (referring to Uttanka) (he, that)

• एवम् (evam) - thus, so, in this manner

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - having been addressed (said, spoken, addressed)

• उपाध्यायेन (upādhyāyena) - by the teacher

• उपाध्यायिनीम् (upādhyāyinīm) - teacher's wife (accusative)

• अपृच्छत् (apṛcchat) - he asked, inquired

• भवति (bhavati) - reverend madam (your honor, madam (feminine vocative))

• उपाध्यायेन (upādhyāyena) - by the teacher

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am

• अनुज्ञातः (anujñātaḥ) - having been granted permission (permitted, allowed, instructed)

• गृहम् (gṛham) - home, house (accusative)

• गन्तुम् (gantum) - to go

• तत् (tat) - therefore, so (that, therefore, so)

• इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish, I desire

• इष्टम् (iṣṭam) - what is desired (by you, the guru's wife) (desired, wished; a desired thing)

• ते (te) - to you (the guru's wife) (to you, for you (dative/genitive of tvam))

• गुरु-अर्थम् (guru-artham) - as a guru's fee/offering (for the sake of the guru, for the guru's purpose)

• उपहृत्य (upahṛtya) - having offered, having presented

• अनृणः (anṛṇaḥ) - having fulfilled my obligation (free from debt, debtless)

• गन्तुम् (gantum) - to go

• तत् (tat) - therefore, so (that, therefore, so)

• आज्ञापयतु (ājñāpayatu) - please command (let him/you command, order)

• भवती (bhavatī) - madam, you (your honor, you (feminine))

• किम् (kim) - what, which

• उपहरामि (upaharāmi) - I offer, I present

• गुरु-अर्थम् (guru-artham) - as a guru's fee/offering (for the sake of the guru, for the guru's purpose)

• इति (iti) - marks the end of a quotation or statement (thus, so, this)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - (referring to Uttanka) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

एवम् (evam) - thus, so, in this manner

(indeclinable)

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - having been addressed (said, spoken, addressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - said, spoken, declared

past passive participle

from √vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Qualifies Uttanka.

उपाध्यायेन (upādhyāyena) - by the teacher

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of upādhyāya

upādhyāya - teacher, preceptor

from upa-adhi-√i (to go, study)

Prefixes: upa+adhi

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agent of the passive participle 'uktaḥ' and 'anujñātaḥ'.

उपाध्यायिनीम् (upādhyāyinīm) - teacher's wife (accusative)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of upādhyāyinī

upādhyāyinī - teacher's wife, female teacher

feminine of upādhyāya

Prefixes: upa+adhi

Root: i (class 2)

अपृच्छत् (apṛcchat) - he asked, inquired

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of prach

Root: prach (class 6)

Note: Has augment 'a-' for past tense.

भवति (bhavati) - reverend madam (your honor, madam (feminine vocative))

(pronoun)

Vocative, feminine, singular of bhavatī

bhavatī - your honor, you (feminine)

present participle

feminine of bhavat, from √bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Refers to the teacher's wife.

उपाध्यायेन (upādhyāyena) - by the teacher

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of upādhyāya

upādhyāya - teacher, preceptor

from upa-adhi-√i (to go, study)

Prefixes: upa+adhi

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agent of the passive participle 'anujñātaḥ'.

अस्मि (asmi) - I am

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Copula.

अनुज्ञातः (anujñātaḥ) - having been granted permission (permitted, allowed, instructed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anujñāta

anujñāta - permitted, allowed, instructed

past passive participle

from anu-√jñā (to know, perceive)

Prefix: anu

Root: jñā (class 9)

गृहम् (gṛham) - home, house (accusative)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of gṛha

gṛha - house, home, dwelling

Note: Functions adverbially to indicate destination.

गन्तुम् (gantum) - to go

(indeclinable)

infinitive

from √gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

तत् (tat) - therefore, so (that, therefore, so)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Used adverbially.

इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish, I desire

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of icch

from √iṣ, desiderative root, with root vowel lengthening.

Root: iṣ (class 6)

इष्टम् (iṣṭam) - what is desired (by you, the guru's wife) (desired, wished; a desired thing)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of iṣṭa

iṣṭa - desired, wished for, beloved, worshipped; a desired object

past passive participle

from √iṣ (to wish, desire)

Root: iṣ (class 6)

ते (te) - to you (the guru's wife) (to you, for you (dative/genitive of tvam))

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular/plural)

गुरु-अर्थम् (guru-artham) - as a guru's fee/offering (for the sake of the guru, for the guru's purpose)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of guru-artha

guru-artha - for the sake of the guru, for the guru's purpose, as guru-दक्षिणा

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (guru+artha)

• guru – teacher, preceptor, heavy
  noun (masculine)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, thing
  noun (masculine)

Note: Functions as an adverbial accusative here.

उपहृत्य (upahṛtya) - having offered, having presented

(indeclinable)

gerund (absolutive)

from upa-√hṛ (to carry)

Prefix: upa

Root: hṛ (class 1)

अनृणः (anṛṇaḥ) - having fulfilled my obligation (free from debt, debtless)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anṛṇa

anṛṇa - debtless, free from debt, having discharged obligations

compound: an (neg.) + ṛṇa (debt)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (an+ṛṇa)

• an – not, un-, without
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• ṛṇa – debt, obligation, duty
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies Uttanka.

गन्तुम् (gantum) - to go

(indeclinable)

infinitive

from √gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

तत् (tat) - therefore, so (that, therefore, so)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Used adverbially.

आज्ञापयतु (ājñāpayatu) - please command (let him/you command, order)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of ājñāpay

causative

from ā-√jñā (to know)

Prefix: ā

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Used honorifically for the 2nd person (you).

भवती (bhavatī) - madam, you (your honor, you (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhavatī

bhavatī - your honor, you (feminine)

present participle

feminine of bhavat, from √bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Refers to the teacher's wife.

किम् (kim) - what, which

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who

Note: Also functions as an interrogative adverb.

उपहरामि (upaharāmi) - I offer, I present

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of upahṛ

from upa-√hṛ (to carry)

Prefix: upa

Root: hṛ (class 1)

गुरु-अर्थम् (guru-artham) - as a guru's fee/offering (for the sake of the guru, for the guru's purpose)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of guru-artha

guru-artha - for the sake of the guru, for the guru's purpose, as guru-दक्षिणा

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (guru+artha)

• guru – teacher, preceptor, heavy
  noun (masculine)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, thing
  noun (masculine)

Note: Functions as an adverbial accusative here.

इति (iti) - marks the end of a quotation or statement (thus, so, this)

(indeclinable)

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