महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-3, verse-28

स तच्छ्रुत्वा आरुणिरुपाध्यायवाक्यं तस्मात्केदारखण्डात्सहसोत्थाय तमुपाध्यायमुपतस्थे ।
प्रोवाच चैनम् ।
अयमस्म्यत्र केदारखण्डे निःसरमाणमुदकमवारणीयं संरोद्धुं संविष्टो भगवच्छब्दं श्रुत्वैव सहसा विदार्य केदारखण्डं भवन्तमुपस्थितः ।
तदभिवादये भगवन्तम् ।
आज्ञापयतु भवान् ।
किं करवाणीति ॥२८॥

28. sa tacchrutvā āruṇirupādhyāyavākyaṁ tasmātkedārakhaṇḍātsahasotthāya tamupādhyāyamupatasthe ,
provāca cainam ,
ayamasmyatra kedārakhaṇḍe niḥsaramāṇamudakamavāraṇīyaṁ saṁroddhuṁ saṁviṣṭo bhagavacchabdaṁ śrutvaiva sahasā vidārya kedārakhaṇḍaṁ bhavantamupasthitaḥ ,
tadabhivādaye bhagavantam ,
ājñāpayatu bhavān ,
kiṁ karavāṇīti.

28. saḥ tat śrutvā āruṇiḥ upādhyāyavākyam tasmāt kedārakhaṇḍāt sahasā utthāya tam upādhyāyam
upatasthe | pra uvāca ca enam | ayam asmi atra kedārakhaṇḍe niḥsaramāṇam udakam
avāraṇīyam saṃroddhum saṃviṣṭaḥ bhagavac-chabdam śrutvā eva sahasā vidārya kedārakhaṇḍam
bhavantam upasthitaḥ | tat abhivādaye bhagavantam | ājñāpayatu bhavān | kim karavāṇi iti

28. Hearing that, Aruṇi understood it to be his teacher's word, and immediately rose from the field embankment. He approached the teacher and said to him, "Here I am! I was lying here in this field embankment, attempting to obstruct the irresistible outflow of water. However, as soon as I heard your venerable voice (Bhagavat's śabda), I abruptly vacated the embankment and have now presented myself before you. Therefore, I bow to your reverence (Bhagavat). Please command, what may I do?"

28. כששמע אָארוּנִי את דברי המורה, הוא קם מיד ממחסום השדה ההוא וניגש אל המורה. הוא אמר לו, הנני כאן. שכבתי במחסום השדה הזה כדי לעצור את המים שזרמו החוצה ולא היה אפשר לבלום אותם, וכשרק שמעתי את קולך, אדוני הנכבד, פרצתי מיד את מחסום השדה והגעתי אליך. אני משתחווה לפניך, אדוני. תן לי הוראה, מה עליי לעשות?

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - Aruṇi (the disciple) (he, that)

• तत् (tat) - the sound/call made by the teacher (that, it)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• आरुणिः (āruṇiḥ) - Aruṇi (proper name)

• उपाध्यायवाक्यम् (upādhyāyavākyam) - the teacher's word, speech of the instructor

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - from that, from it

• केदारखण्डात् (kedārakhaṇḍāt) - from the field embankment, from the section of the cultivated field

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, abruptly, quickly

• उत्थाय (utthāya) - having risen, having stood up

• तम् (tam) - the teacher (Uddālaka) (him, that)

• उपाध्यायम् (upādhyāyam) - teacher, instructor

• उपतस्थे (upatasthe) - he approached, he attended

• प्र (pra) - forth, forward

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• च (ca) - and, also

• एनम् (enam) - him, this one

• अयम् (ayam) - I am, here I am

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this place

• केदारखण्डे (kedārakhaṇḍe) - in the breach of the field embankment (in the field embankment, in the section of the cultivated field)

• निःसरमाणम् (niḥsaramāṇam) - outflowing (water) (flowing out, issuing forth)

• उदकम् (udakam) - water

• अवारणीयम् (avāraṇīyam) - irresistible, not to be stopped

• संरोद्धुम् (saṁroddhum) - to obstruct, to stop completely

• संविष्टः (saṁviṣṭaḥ) - having lain down (to block the breach) (entered, seated, having settled down)

• भगवच्-छब्दम् (bhagavac-chabdam) - the teacher's call (the venerable one's word/sound, the master's voice)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• एव (eva) - as soon as (indeed, only, just)

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, abruptly, quickly

• विदार्य (vidārya) - having vacated/separated oneself from (the embankment) (having torn apart, having split, having removed)

• केदारखण्डम् (kedārakhaṇḍam) - the breach in the field embankment (which he was plugging) (the field embankment, the section of the cultivated field)

• भवन्तम् (bhavantam) - the teacher (your honor, you (respectful))

• उपस्थितः (upasthitaḥ) - presented myself before you (approached, present, stood near)

• तत् (tat) - therefore, that

• अभिवादये (abhivādaye) - I salute, I bow down to

• भगवन्तम् (bhagavantam) - the teacher (Uddālaka) (the venerable one, the master)

• आज्ञापयतु (ājñāpayatu) - let him command, please command

• भवान् (bhavān) - the teacher (your honor, you (respectful))

• किम् (kim) - what?

• करवाणि (karavāṇi) - should I do? what may I do?

• इति (iti) - thus, so, indicating direct speech

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - Aruṇi (the disciple) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तत् (tat) - the sound/call made by the teacher (that, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root 'śru' (to hear) with suffix 'ktvā'

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Functions as a non-finite verb.

आरुणिः (āruṇiḥ) - Aruṇi (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āruṇi

āruṇi - Aruṇi (proper name)

उपाध्यायवाक्यम् (upādhyāyavākyam) - the teacher's word, speech of the instructor

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of upādhyāyavākya

upādhyāyavākya - teacher's word, word of the instructor

Compound of 'upādhyāya' (teacher) and 'vākya' (word)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (upādhyāya+vākya)

• upādhyāya – teacher, instructor
  noun (masculine)
  Prefixes: upa+adhi
• vākya – word, speech, sentence
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root 'vac' (to speak) + suffix 'ya'
  Root: vac (class 2)

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - from that, from it

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

केदारखण्डात् (kedārakhaṇḍāt) - from the field embankment, from the section of the cultivated field

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of kedārakhaṇḍa

kedārakhaṇḍa - section of a cultivated field, field embankment/dike

Compound of 'kedāra' (cultivated field) and 'khaṇḍa' (piece, section)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kedāra+khaṇḍa)

• kedāra – cultivated field, rice field
  noun (masculine)
• khaṇḍa – piece, section, part, fragment
  noun (masculine)
  Root: khaṇḍ (class 1)

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, abruptly, quickly

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form

उत्थाय (utthāya) - having risen, having stood up

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root 'sthā' (to stand) with prefix 'ut', suffix 'lyap'

Prefix: ut

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Functions as a non-finite verb.

तम् (tam) - the teacher (Uddālaka) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

उपाध्यायम् (upādhyāyam) - teacher, instructor

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of upādhyāya

upādhyāya - teacher, instructor

उपतस्थे (upatasthe) - he approached, he attended

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (Lit) of upasthā

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, middle voice (ātmanepada)

From root 'sthā' (to stand) with prefix 'upa', perfect form

Prefix: upa

Root: sthā (class 1)

प्र (pra) - forth, forward

(indeclinable)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

From root 'vac' (to speak), perfect form

Root: vac (class 2)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एनम् (enam) - him, this one

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ena

ena - this, this one, him

अयम् (ayam) - I am, here I am

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, here

अस्मि (asmi) - I am

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (Laṭ) of as

Present tense, 1st person singular, active voice

From root 'as' (to be), present form

Root: as (class 2)

अत्र (atra) - here, in this place

(indeclinable)

Formed from 'idam' (this) + 'tra' (locative suffix)

केदारखण्डे (kedārakhaṇḍe) - in the breach of the field embankment (in the field embankment, in the section of the cultivated field)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kedārakhaṇḍa

kedārakhaṇḍa - section of a cultivated field, field embankment/dike

Compound of 'kedāra' (cultivated field) and 'khaṇḍa' (piece, section)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kedāra+khaṇḍa)

• kedāra – cultivated field, rice field
  noun (masculine)
• khaṇḍa – piece, section, part, fragment
  noun (masculine)
  Root: khaṇḍ (class 1)

निःसरमाणम् (niḥsaramāṇam) - outflowing (water) (flowing out, issuing forth)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of niḥsaramāṇa

niḥsaramāṇa - flowing out, issuing forth

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root 'sṛ' (to go) with prefix 'niḥ' and suffix 'śānac' (māna)

Prefix: niḥ

Root: sṛ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'udakam'.

उदकम् (udakam) - water

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of udaka

udaka - water

Root: und (class 1)

अवारणीयम् (avāraṇīyam) - irresistible, not to be stopped

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of avāraṇīya

avāraṇīya - irresistible, not to be stopped, unavoidable

Gerundive (Passive Future Participle)

Derived from root 'vṛ' (to restrain, cover) with negative prefix 'a' and suffix 'anīya'

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vāraṇīya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• vāraṇīya – to be restrained, to be stopped
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive (Passive Future Participle)
  Derived from root 'vṛ' (to restrain) with suffix 'anīya'
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Qualifies 'udakam'.

संरोद्धुम् (saṁroddhum) - to obstruct, to stop completely

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Derived from root 'rudh' (to obstruct) with prefix 'sam', suffix 'tumun'

Prefix: sam

Root: rudh (class 7)

Note: Functions as a non-finite verb.

संविष्टः (saṁviṣṭaḥ) - having lain down (to block the breach) (entered, seated, having settled down)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃviṣṭa

saṁviṣṭa - entered, seated, reclined, having settled

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'viś' (to enter) with prefix 'sam', suffix 'kta'

Prefix: sam

Root: viś (class 6)

भगवच्-छब्दम् (bhagavac-chabdam) - the teacher's call (the venerable one's word/sound, the master's voice)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhagavac-chabda

bhagavac-chabda - sound/word of the venerable one

Compound of 'bhagavat' (venerable one) and 'śabda' (sound, word), with internal sandhi (t+ś=cch)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhagavat+śabda)

• bhagavat – venerable, divine, illustrious
  adjective (masculine)
  Noun/adjective stem
  Root: bhaj (class 1)
• śabda – sound, word, voice
  noun (masculine)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root 'śru' (to hear) with suffix 'ktvā'

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Functions as a non-finite verb.

एव (eva) - as soon as (indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, abruptly, quickly

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form

विदार्य (vidārya) - having vacated/separated oneself from (the embankment) (having torn apart, having split, having removed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root 'dṛ' (to tear) with prefix 'vi', suffix 'lyap'

Prefix: vi

Root: dṛ (class 6)

Note: Functions as a non-finite verb.

केदारखण्डम् (kedārakhaṇḍam) - the breach in the field embankment (which he was plugging) (the field embankment, the section of the cultivated field)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kedārakhaṇḍa

kedārakhaṇḍa - section of a cultivated field, field embankment/dike

Compound of 'kedāra' (cultivated field) and 'khaṇḍa' (piece, section)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kedāra+khaṇḍa)

• kedāra – cultivated field, rice field
  noun (masculine)
• khaṇḍa – piece, section, part, fragment
  noun (masculine)
  Root: khaṇḍ (class 1)

भवन्तम् (bhavantam) - the teacher (your honor, you (respectful))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - your honor, venerable, you

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'bhū' (to be) + śatṛ suffix. Used as a respectful pronoun

Root: bhū (class 1)

उपस्थितः (upasthitaḥ) - presented myself before you (approached, present, stood near)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upasthita

upasthita - approached, present, stood near, arrived

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'sthā' (to stand) with prefix 'upa', suffix 'kta'

Prefix: upa

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: The implied verb 'asmi' (I am) completes the sense 'I have presented myself'.

तत् (tat) - therefore, that

(indeclinable)

अभिवादये (abhivādaye) - I salute, I bow down to

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (Laṭ) of abhivād

Present tense, 1st person singular, middle voice (ātmanepada)

From root 'vad' (to speak) with prefixes 'abhi' and 'ā', in causative form

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: vad (class 1)

भगवन्तम् (bhagavantam) - the teacher (Uddālaka) (the venerable one, the master)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - venerable, divine, illustrious, lord, master

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'bhaj' (to possess, to obtain) with suffix 'matup'

Root: bhaj (class 1)

आज्ञापयतु (ājñāpayatu) - let him command, please command

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperative (Loṭ) of ājñā

Imperative mood, 3rd person singular, active voice (causative stem)

Causative of root 'jñā' (to know) with prefix 'ā', formed with 'ṇic' and 'lat' endings

Prefix: ā

Root: jñā (class 9)

भवान् (bhavān) - the teacher (your honor, you (respectful))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - your honor, venerable, you

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'bhū' (to be) + śatṛ suffix. Used as a respectful pronoun

Root: bhū (class 1)

किम् (kim) - what?

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who

करवाणि (karavāṇi) - should I do? what may I do?

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, imperative (Loṭ) of kṛ

Imperative mood, 1st person singular, active voice

From root 'kṛ' (to do), imperative form

Root: kṛ (class 8)

इति (iti) - thus, so, indicating direct speech

(indeclinable)

Previous Verse Next Verse