महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-3, verse-112

स एवमुक्तः पौष्यस्तं प्रत्युवाच ।
संप्रति भवानुच्छिष्टः ।
स्मर तावत् ।
न हि सा क्षत्रिया उच्छिष्टेनाशुचिना वा शक्या द्रष्टुम् ।
पतिव्रतात्वादेषा नाशुचेर्दर्शनमुपैतीति ॥११२॥

112. sa evamuktaḥ pauṣyastaṁ pratyuvāca ,
saṁprati bhavānucchiṣṭaḥ ,
smara tāvat ,
na hi sā kṣatriyā ucchiṣṭenāśucinā vā śakyā draṣṭum ,
pativratātvādeṣā nāśucerdarśanamupaitīti.

112. saḥ evam uktaḥ pauṣyaḥ tam pratyuvāca saṃprati
bhavān ucchiṣṭaḥ smara tāvat na hi sā
kṣatriyā ucchiṣṭena aśucinā vā śakyā draṣṭum
pativratātvāt eṣā na aśuceḥ darśanam upaiti iti

112. Pauṣya, thus spoken to, replied to him: "Currently, you are impure (from eating). Remember this for a moment. Indeed, that Kṣatriya woman cannot be seen by one who is impure from eating or by one who is unclean. Because of her chastity as a devoted wife, she does not allow an unclean person to see her."

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - He (Pauṣya) (he, that)

• एवम् (evam) - thus (thus, in this manner)

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - spoken to, addressed (spoken, said)

• पौष्यः (pauṣyaḥ) - Pauṣya (Pauṣya (nominative))

• तम् (tam) - him (Uttaṅka) (him, that (accusative masculine))

• प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - he replied (he replied, he spoke back)

• संप्रति (saṁprati) - currently (now, at present, currently)

• भवान् (bhavān) - you (Uttaṅka) (your honor, you (honorific))

• उच्छिष्टः (ucchiṣṭaḥ) - impure (from having eaten) (left-over (food), impure (from eating))

• स्मर (smara) - remember (this fact) (remember, recall)

• तावत् (tāvat) - for a moment, just now (as an intensifier or temporal marker) (so much, for so long, for a while)

• न (na) - not

• हि (hi) - surely, for (indeed, surely, for)

• सा (sā) - she (the Kṣatriya woman) (she, that (feminine nominative))

• क्षत्रिया (kṣatriyā) - the Kṣatriya woman (a Kṣatriya woman (nominative))

• उच्छिष्टेन (ucchiṣṭena) - by one who is impure from eating (by one who is impure (from eating))

• अशुचिना (aśucinā) - by an unclean person (by an unclean person, by impurity)

• वा (vā) - or

• शक्या (śakyā) - able (to be seen) (capable, able (feminine))

• द्रष्टुम् (draṣṭum) - to be seen (to see, to be seen)

• पतिव्रतात्वात् (pativratātvāt) - because of her chastity (as a devoted wife) (due to her being a devoted wife, by virtue of her chastity)

• एषा (eṣā) - she (the Kṣatriya woman) (she, this (feminine nominative))

• न (na) - not

• अशुचेः (aśuceḥ) - of an unclean person (of an unclean person, from an unclean person)

• दर्शनम् (darśanam) - the sight, the presence (to be seen) (sight, seeing, vision)

• उपैति (upaiti) - allows, accords (literally 'goes to' or 'receives') (approaches, goes to, obtains)

• इति (iti) - end of quote (thus, so (quotation marker))

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - He (Pauṣya) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

एवम् (evam) - thus (thus, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - spoken to, addressed (spoken, said)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, told

past passive participle

participle from root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

पौष्यः (pauṣyaḥ) - Pauṣya (Pauṣya (nominative))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pauṣya

pauṣya - Pauṣya (name of a king)

तम् (tam) - him (Uttaṅka) (him, that (accusative masculine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - he replied (he replied, he spoke back)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Prefix: prati

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: prati + uvāca -> pratyuvāca (yaṇ sandhi)

संप्रति (saṁprati) - currently (now, at present, currently)

(indeclinable)

भवान् (bhavān) - you (Uttaṅka) (your honor, you (honorific))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - your honor, you (honorific), being

present participle (honorific use)

present participle of bhū (honorific sense)

Root: bhū (class 1)

उच्छिष्टः (ucchiṣṭaḥ) - impure (from having eaten) (left-over (food), impure (from eating))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ucchiṣṭa

ucchiṣṭa - left-over (food), impure, sullied

past passive participle

participle from root śiṣ with ut

Prefix: ut

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

स्मर (smara) - remember (this fact) (remember, recall)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of smṛ

Root: smṛ (class 1)

तावत् (tāvat) - for a moment, just now (as an intensifier or temporal marker) (so much, for so long, for a while)

(indeclinable)

Note: Often used with imperatives to soften them or add a sense of 'just' or 'for a while'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - surely, for (indeed, surely, for)

(indeclinable)

सा (sā) - she (the Kṣatriya woman) (she, that (feminine nominative))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

क्षत्रिया (kṣatriyā) - the Kṣatriya woman (a Kṣatriya woman (nominative))

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kṣatriyā

kṣatriyā - a woman of the Kṣatriya caste, warrior woman

feminine form of kṣatriya

उच्छिष्टेन (ucchiṣṭena) - by one who is impure from eating (by one who is impure (from eating))

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ucchiṣṭa

ucchiṣṭa - left-over (food), impure, sullied

past passive participle

participle from root śiṣ with ut

Prefix: ut

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

अशुचिना (aśucinā) - by an unclean person (by an unclean person, by impurity)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of aśuci

aśuci - impure, unclean, unholy

negative prefix 'a' + śuci (pure)

Compound type : nañ-bahuvrīhi (a+śuci)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negative particle
• śuci – pure, clean, bright
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Refers to any ritually unclean person.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

शक्या (śakyā) - able (to be seen) (capable, able (feminine))

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śakya

śakya - capable, possible, to be able

potential passive participle (kṛtya)

derived from root śak, can be used impersonally or with passive meaning

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Forms a potential passive construction with the infinitive 'draṣṭum'.

द्रष्टुम् (draṣṭum) - to be seen (to see, to be seen)

(verb)

passive

infinitive

infinitive of root dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: In this construction with 'śakyā', it takes on a passive sense.

पतिव्रतात्वात् (pativratātvāt) - because of her chastity (as a devoted wife) (due to her being a devoted wife, by virtue of her chastity)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of pativratātva

pativratātva - condition of being a devoted wife, chastity

derived from pativratā (devoted wife) + tva (abstract noun suffix)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pativratā+tva)

• pativratā – devoted wife, chaste woman
  noun (feminine)
• tva – -ness, -hood (abstract suffix)
  noun (neuter)
  abstract noun suffix

एषा (eṣā) - she (the Kṣatriya woman) (she, this (feminine nominative))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of etad

etad - this, she

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

अशुचेः (aśuceḥ) - of an unclean person (of an unclean person, from an unclean person)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of aśuci

aśuci - impure, unclean, unholy

negative prefix 'a' + śuci (pure)

Compound type : nañ-bahuvrīhi (a+śuci)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negative particle
• śuci – pure, clean, bright
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Used as a noun here, 'of an unclean one'.

दर्शनम् (darśanam) - the sight, the presence (to be seen) (sight, seeing, vision)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of darśana

darśana - seeing, sight, vision, perception

action noun

action noun from root dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: The object of 'upaiti'. 'does not come to the sight of'.

उपैति (upaiti) - allows, accords (literally 'goes to' or 'receives') (approaches, goes to, obtains)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of upa_i

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Idiomatic usage: 'does not come into contact with the sight of', i.e., 'does not allow herself to be seen by'.

इति (iti) - end of quote (thus, so (quotation marker))

(indeclinable)