महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-3, verse-89

स वसंस्तत्रोपाध्यायस्त्रीभिः सहिताभिराहूयोक्तः ।
उपाध्यायिनी ते ऋतुमती ।
उपाध्यायश्च प्रोषितः ।
अस्या यथायमृतुर्वन्ध्यो न भवति तथा क्रियताम् ।
एतद्विषीदतीति ॥८९॥

89. sa vasaṁstatropādhyāyastrībhiḥ sahitābhirāhūyoktaḥ ,
upādhyāyinī te ṛtumatī ,
upādhyāyaśca proṣitaḥ ,
asyā yathāyamṛturvandhyo na bhavati tathā kriyatām ,
etadviṣīdatīti.

89. sa vasan tatra upādhyāyastrībhiḥ sahitābhiḥ
āhūya uktaḥ upādhyāyinī te ṛtumati upādhyāyaḥ
ca proṣitaḥ asyāḥ yathā ayam ṛtuḥ vandhyaḥ
na bhavati tathā kriyatām etat viṣīdati iti

89. While he was living there, he was called by the teacher's wives and told: 'Your teacher's wife is in her fertile period, and the teacher is away. See to it that her fertile period does not go in vain. This situation troubles us.'

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he (Utṭaṅka) (he, that)

• वसन् (vasan) - while dwelling (dwelling, living, residing)

• तत्र (tatra) - there (there, in that place)

• उपाध्यायस्त्रीभिः (upādhyāyastrībhiḥ) - by the teacher's wives

• सहिताभिः (sahitābhiḥ) - together (with Utṭaṅka, or simply 'accompanied' describing the wives) (accompanied by, together with)

• आहूय (āhūya) - having been called (implying Utṭaṅka was called) (having called, having summoned)

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - was told (spoken, said, told)

• उपाध्यायिनी (upādhyāyinī) - the teacher's wife (teacher's wife, female teacher)

• ते (te) - your (teacher's) (your (dative/genitive))

• ऋतुमति (ṛtumati) - is in her fertile period (being in season, fertile, having a period)

• उपाध्यायः (upādhyāyaḥ) - the teacher (teacher, preceptor)

• च (ca) - and

• प्रोषितः (proṣitaḥ) - is away (gone abroad, absent, departed)

• अस्याः (asyāḥ) - of her (the guru's wife) (of her, to her)

• यथा (yathā) - so that (as, just as, so that)

• अयम् (ayam) - this (fertile period) (this, he)

• ऋतुः (ṛtuḥ) - fertile period (season, proper time, fertile period)

• वन्ध्यः (vandhyaḥ) - fruitless (barren, fruitless, unproductive)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• भवति (bhavati) - does not become (he/she/it becomes, is)

• तथा (tathā) - so (let it be done) (so, thus, in that way)

• क्रियताम् (kriyatām) - let it be done (let it be done, let it be made)

• एतत् (etat) - this (situation) (this)

• विषीदति (viṣīdati) - troubles (us) (he/she/it sinks down, despairs, is distressed)

• इति (iti) - thus (thus, so (marks direct speech or thought))

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he (Utṭaṅka) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

वसन् (vasan) - while dwelling (dwelling, living, residing)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vasat

vasat - dwelling, living, residing (present participle of vas)

present participle (active)

Derived from root vas- (to dwell)

Root: vas (class 1)

तत्र (tatra) - there (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

उपाध्यायस्त्रीभिः (upādhyāyastrībhiḥ) - by the teacher's wives

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of upādhyāyastrī

upādhyāyastrī - teacher's wife

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (upādhyāya+strī)

• upādhyāya – teacher, preceptor
  noun (masculine)
  From upa + adhi + i (to go/study)
  Prefixes: upa+adhi
  Root: i (class 2)
• strī – woman, wife
  noun (feminine)

सहिताभिः (sahitābhiḥ) - together (with Utṭaṅka, or simply 'accompanied' describing the wives) (accompanied by, together with)

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of sahita

sahita - accompanied, joined, united, together with

past passive participle

Derived from root dhā- (to place, hold) with prefix sa- (together)

Prefix: sa

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'upādhyāyastrībhiḥ'.

आहूय (āhūya) - having been called (implying Utṭaṅka was called) (having called, having summoned)

(indeclinable)

Prefix: ā

Root: hvā (class 1)

Note: Often implying passive sense when followed by a passive verb.

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - was told (spoken, said, told)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, told

past passive participle

Derived from root vac- (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

उपाध्यायिनी (upādhyāyinī) - the teacher's wife (teacher's wife, female teacher)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of upādhyāyinī

upādhyāyinī - teacher's wife, female teacher

Feminine form of 'upādhyāya'

Prefixes: upa+adhi

Root: i (class 2)

ते (te) - your (teacher's) (your (dative/genitive))

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of tvad

tvad - you

Note: Enclitic form

ऋतुमति (ṛtumati) - is in her fertile period (being in season, fertile, having a period)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ṛtumatī

ṛtumat - in season, fertile, having a period, menstruating

Derived from 'ṛtu' (season, fertile period) with possessive suffix '-mat'

उपाध्यायः (upādhyāyaḥ) - the teacher (teacher, preceptor)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upādhyāya

upādhyāya - teacher, preceptor, spiritual guide

From upa + adhi + i (to go/study)

Prefixes: upa+adhi

Root: i (class 2)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

प्रोषितः (proṣitaḥ) - is away (gone abroad, absent, departed)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of proṣita

vas - to dwell, to live; to go abroad (when prefixed)

past passive participle

Derived from root vas- (to dwell) with prefix pra- (forth, away)

Prefix: pra

Root: vas (class 1)

अस्याः (asyāḥ) - of her (the guru's wife) (of her, to her)

(pronoun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

यथा (yathā) - so that (as, just as, so that)

(indeclinable)

अयम् (ayam) - this (fertile period) (this, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

ऋतुः (ṛtuḥ) - fertile period (season, proper time, fertile period)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ṛtu

ṛtu - season, proper time, menstrual period, fertile period

वन्ध्यः (vandhyaḥ) - fruitless (barren, fruitless, unproductive)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vandhya

vandhya - barren, fruitless, unproductive, sterile

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

भवति (bhavati) - does not become (he/she/it becomes, is)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - so (let it be done) (so, thus, in that way)

(indeclinable)

क्रियताम् (kriyatām) - let it be done (let it be done, let it be made)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (lot) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

एतत् (etat) - this (situation) (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etas

etas - this

विषीदति (viṣīdati) - troubles (us) (he/she/it sinks down, despairs, is distressed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of viṣad

Derived from root sad- (to sit, sink) with prefix vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: sad (class 1)

इति (iti) - thus (thus, so (marks direct speech or thought))

(indeclinable)