महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-3, verse-3

तं माता रोरूयमाणमुवाच ।
किं रोदिषि ।
केनास्यभिहत इति ॥३॥

3. taṁ mātā rorūyamāṇamuvāca ,
kiṁ rodiṣi ,
kenāsyabhihata iti.

3. tam mātā rorūyamāṇam uvāca kim
rodiṣi kena asi abhihataḥ iti

3. His mother said to him, as he was wailing, 'Why are you crying? By whom have you been struck?'

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (the dog) (him, that)

• माता (mātā) - (his) mother (mother)

• रोरूयमाणम् (rorūyamāṇam) - as he was wailing (wailing loudly, crying repeatedly)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• किम् (kim) - why? (what, why, whether)

• रोदिषि (rodiṣi) - are you crying? (you cry, you weep)

• केन (kena) - by whom (by whom, by what)

• असि (asi) - are you (you are)

• अभिहतः (abhihataḥ) - struck, beaten (struck, hit, beaten)

• इति (iti) - (marking the end of the quote) (thus, so, end quote)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (the dog) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of `uvāca`.

माता (mātā) - (his) mother (mother)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mātṛ

mātṛ - mother

Note: Subject of `uvāca`.

रोरूयमाणम् (rorūyamāṇam) - as he was wailing (wailing loudly, crying repeatedly)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rorūyamāṇa

rorūyamāṇa - crying loudly, wailing, repeatedly crying

present middle participle (intensive)

from ru (to cry) + yaṅ (intensive) + śānac (middle participle)

Root: ru (class 2)

Note: Adjective modifying `tam` (the dog), describing its state.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Main verb.

किम् (kim) - why? (what, why, whether)

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

रोदिषि (rodiṣi) - are you crying? (you cry, you weep)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of rud

Root: rud (class 2)

Note: Verb of the first question.

केन (kena) - by whom (by whom, by what)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim

kim - what, who, which

Note: Agent in the passive construction.

असि (asi) - are you (you are)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Auxiliary verb with passive participle.

अभिहतः (abhihataḥ) - struck, beaten (struck, hit, beaten)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhihata

abhihata - struck, hit, beaten, wounded

past passive participle

from abhi-han (to strike) + kta

Prefix: abhi

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Predicate adjective for the implicit subject `tvam`.

इति (iti) - (marking the end of the quote) (thus, so, end quote)

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the end of direct speech.