महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-3, verse-50

स तथेति प्रतिज्ञाय निराहारस्ता गा अरक्षत् ।
तथा प्रतिषिद्धो भैक्षं नाश्नाति न चान्यच्चरति ।
पयो न पिबति ।
फेनं नोपयुङ्क्ते ॥५०॥

50. sa tatheti pratijñāya nirāhārastā gā arakṣat ,
tathā pratiṣiddho bhaikṣaṁ nāśnāti na cānyaccarati ,
payo na pibati ,
phenaṁ nopayuṅkte.

50. saḥ tathā iti pratijñāya nirāhāraḥ
tāḥ gāḥ arakṣat tathā pratiṣiddhaḥ
bhaikṣam na aśnāti na ca anyat carati
payaḥ na pibati phenam na upayunkte

50. Having promised 'so be it', he protected those cows without partaking of any food. Though thus forbidden (from eating anything), he would not eat alms, nor would he partake of anything else. He would not drink milk, nor would he consume the foam.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• तथा (tathā) - so, thus, in that manner

• इति (iti) - thus, in this way, (marks direct speech)

• प्रतिज्ञाय (pratijñāya) - having promised, having assented

• निराहारः (nirāhāraḥ) - without food, abstaining from food

• ताः (tāḥ) - those

• गाः (gāḥ) - cows

• अरक्षत् (arakṣat) - protected, guarded

• तथा (tathā) - in this way (i.e., by being forbidden) (thus, in that manner)

• प्रतिषिद्धः (pratiṣiddhaḥ) - forbidden, prohibited

• भैक्षम् (bhaikṣam) - alms, food obtained by begging

• न (na) - not

• अश्नाति (aśnāti) - eats, partakes

• न (na) - nor, not

• च (ca) - and

• अन्यत् (anyat) - anything else, other

• चरति (carati) - partakes of (goes, partakes, performs)

• पयः (payaḥ) - milk (milk, water)

• न (na) - not

• पिबति (pibati) - drinks

• फेनम् (phenam) - foam, froth

• न (na) - not

• उपयुङ्क्ते (upayuṅkte) - consumes (uses, enjoys, consumes)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तथा (tathā) - so, thus, in that manner

(indeclinable)

इति (iti) - thus, in this way, (marks direct speech)

(indeclinable)

प्रतिज्ञाय (pratijñāya) - having promised, having assented

(verb)

Prefix: prati

Root: jñā (class 9)

निराहारः (nirāhāraḥ) - without food, abstaining from food

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirāhāra

nirāhāra - abstaining from food, fasting

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+āhāra)

• nis – out, forth, away, without, negation
  indeclinable
• āhāra – food, diet, taking, collection
  noun (masculine)
  action noun
  Derived from root √hṛ with prefix ā-
  Prefix: ā
  Root: hṛ (class 1)

ताः (tāḥ) - those

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

गाः (gāḥ) - cows

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, bull, ox, earth, ray of light

अरक्षत् (arakṣat) - protected, guarded

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of rakṣ

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - in this way (i.e., by being forbidden) (thus, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

प्रतिषिद्धः (pratiṣiddhaḥ) - forbidden, prohibited

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratiṣiddha

pratiṣiddha - forbidden, prohibited, prevented

past passive participle

Prefix: prati

Root: sidh (class 1)

भैक्षम् (bhaikṣam) - alms, food obtained by begging

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhaikṣa

bhaikṣa - alms, food obtained by begging

Derived from bhikṣā (alms)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

अश्नाति (aśnāti) - eats, partakes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of aś

Root: aś (class 9)

न (na) - nor, not

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अन्यत् (anyat) - anything else, other

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anya

anya - other, another, different

चरति (carati) - partakes of (goes, partakes, performs)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of car

Root: car (class 1)

पयः (payaḥ) - milk (milk, water)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of payas

payas - milk, water, sap, fluid

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

पिबति (pibati) - drinks

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of pā

Root: pā (class 1)

फेनम् (phenam) - foam, froth

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of phena

phena - foam, froth, spume

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

उपयुङ्क्ते (upayuṅkte) - consumes (uses, enjoys, consumes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of upa-yuj

Prefix: upa

Root: yuj (class 7)