महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-3, verse-8

स तया क्रुद्धया तत्रोक्तः ।
अयं मे पुत्रो न किंचिदपराध्यति ।
किमर्थमभिहत इति ।
यस्माच्चायमभिहतोऽनपकारी तस्माददृष्टं त्वां भयमागमिष्यतीति ॥८॥

8. sa tayā kruddhayā tatroktaḥ ,
ayaṁ me putro na kiṁcidaparādhyati ,
kimarthamabhihata iti ,
yasmāccāyamabhihato'napakārī tasmādadṛṣṭaṁ tvāṁ bhayamāgamiṣyatīti.

8. sa tayā kruddhayā tatra uktaḥ | ayaṃ me putraḥ
na kiṃcit aparādhyati | kimartham abhihataḥ
iti | yasmāt ca ayaṃ abhihataḥ anapakārī
tasmāt adṛṣṭaṃ tvāṃ bhayam āgamiṣyati iti

8. He was then addressed there by her, full of rage: "This son of mine has not committed any offense! Why was he beaten? And since this innocent one was struck, an unforeseen calamity will surely befall you!"

8. היא כעסה ואמרה לו שם, בני זה לא חטא בכלום, מדוע היכו אותו. ומכיוון שהוכה בלי שפגע באיש, יבוא עליך פחד בלתי צפוי.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he (Janamejaya) (he, that)

• तया (tayā) - by her (Sarama) (by her)

• क्रुद्धया (kruddhayā) - by the angry (Sarama) (by the angry one)

• तत्र (tatra) - there (at the sacrifice) (there, in that place)

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - was addressed (said, spoken, addressed)

• अयं (ayaṁ) - this (the dog) (this, he)

• मे (me) - my (my, to me)

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son (son, child)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• किंचित् (kiṁcit) - anything (something, anything)

• अपराध्यति (aparādhyati) - commits any offense (offends, commits a fault)

• किमर्थम् (kimartham) - why (for what purpose, why)

• अभिहतः (abhihataḥ) - was beaten (struck, beaten)

• इति (iti) - marks the end of direct speech (thus, so, indicating direct speech)

• यस्मात् (yasmāt) - since, because (from which, because of which, since)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अयं (ayaṁ) - this one (the dog) (this, he)

• अभिहतः (abhihataḥ) - was struck (struck, beaten)

• अनपकारी (anapakārī) - innocent, harmless (not harming, innocent)

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (from that, therefore)

• अदृष्टं (adṛṣṭaṁ) - unforeseen, unexpected (unseen, invisible, unperceived, unexpected)

• त्वां (tvāṁ) - you (Janamejaya) (you (acc.))

• भयम् (bhayam) - fear or calamity (fear, danger, calamity)

• आगमिष्यति (āgamiṣyati) - will befall (will come, will arrive)

• इति (iti) - marks the end of direct speech (thus, so, indicating direct speech)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he (Janamejaya) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of the passive verb uktaḥ.

तया (tayā) - by her (Sarama) (by her)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agent of the passive verb uktaḥ.

क्रुद्धया (kruddhayā) - by the angry (Sarama) (by the angry one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - angry, enraged

past passive participle

from √krudh (to be angry)

Root: √krudh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies tayā.

तत्र (tatra) - there (at the sacrifice) (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

suffix -tra added to tad

Note: Locative adverb.

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - was addressed (said, spoken, addressed)

(nominal form)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - said, spoken, addressed

past passive participle

from √vac (to speak)

Root: √vac (class 2)

Note: Forms the main predicate "he was addressed".

अयं (ayaṁ) - this (the dog) (this, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Subject of aparādhyati.

मे (me) - my (my, to me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Enclitic form of genitive (or dative).

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son (son, child)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Subject of aparādhyati, in apposition to ayaṃ.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation.

किंचित् (kiṁcit) - anything (something, anything)

(indeclinable)

अपराध्यति (aparādhyati) - commits any offense (offends, commits a fault)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of apā-√rādh

Prefix: apā

Root: √rādh (class 4)

किमर्थम् (kimartham) - why (for what purpose, why)

(indeclinable)

compound of kim (what) + artham (purpose)

Note: Adverbial interrogative.

अभिहतः (abhihataḥ) - was beaten (struck, beaten)

(nominal form)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhihata

abhihata - struck, beaten, smitten

past passive participle

from abhi + √han (to strike, kill)

Prefix: abhi

Root: √han (class 2)

Note: Predicate.

इति (iti) - marks the end of direct speech (thus, so, indicating direct speech)

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks end of the first part of Sarama's speech.

यस्मात् (yasmāt) - since, because (from which, because of which, since)

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of yad

yad - which, who

Note: Often used as an indeclinable causal particle.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

अयं (ayaṁ) - this one (the dog) (this, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Subject.

अभिहतः (abhihataḥ) - was struck (struck, beaten)

(nominal form)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhihata

abhihata - struck, beaten, smitten

past passive participle

from abhi + √han (to strike, kill)

Prefix: abhi

Root: √han (class 2)

Note: Predicate.

अनपकारी (anapakārī) - innocent, harmless (not harming, innocent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anapakārin

anapakārin - not harming, innocent, harmless

negative prefix 'an' + apakārin (one who harms)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+apakārin)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
• apakārin – harming, injuring, one who harms
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  from apā + √kṛ with -in suffix
  Prefix: apā
  Root: √kṛ (class 8)

Note: Qualifies "ayam" (the dog).

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (from that, therefore)

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Used as an indeclinable causal particle, "therefore".

अदृष्टं (adṛṣṭaṁ) - unforeseen, unexpected (unseen, invisible, unperceived, unexpected)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of adṛṣṭa

adṛṣṭa - unseen, unperceived, unknown, unexpected, destiny, fate

negative past passive participle

na + dṛṣṭa (from √dṛś)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dṛṣṭa)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• dṛṣṭa – seen, perceived
  adjective (neuter)
  past passive participle
  from √dṛś (to see)
  Root: √dṛś (class 1)

Note: Qualifies bhayam.

त्वां (tvāṁ) - you (Janamejaya) (you (acc.))

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Object of āgamiṣyati (implied destination/recipient of fear).

भयम् (bhayam) - fear or calamity (fear, danger, calamity)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, terror, danger, calamity

Root: √bhī (class 3)

Note: Subject of āgamiṣyati.

आगमिष्यति (āgamiṣyati) - will befall (will come, will arrive)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of ā-√gam

Prefix: ā

Root: √gam (class 1)

इति (iti) - marks the end of direct speech (thus, so, indicating direct speech)

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks end of Sarama's speech.

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