महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-3, verse-8

स तया क्रुद्धया तत्रोक्तः ।
अयं मे पुत्रो न किंचिदपराध्यति ।
किमर्थमभिहत इति ।
यस्माच्चायमभिहतोऽनपकारी तस्माददृष्टं त्वां भयमागमिष्यतीति ॥८॥

8. sa tayā kruddhayā tatroktaḥ ,
ayaṁ me putro na kiṁcidaparādhyati ,
kimarthamabhihata iti ,
yasmāccāyamabhihato'napakārī tasmādadṛṣṭaṁ tvāṁ bhayamāgamiṣyatīti.

8. sa tayā kruddhayā tatra uktaḥ | ayaṃ me putraḥ
na kiṃcit aparādhyati | kimartham abhihataḥ
iti | yasmāt ca ayaṃ abhihataḥ anapakārī
tasmāt adṛṣṭaṃ tvāṃ bhayam āgamiṣyati iti

8. He was then addressed there by her, full of rage: "This son of mine has not committed any offense! Why was he beaten? And since this innocent one was struck, an unforeseen calamity will surely befall you!"

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he (Janamejaya) (he, that)

• तया (tayā) - by her (Sarama) (by her)

• क्रुद्धया (kruddhayā) - by the angry (Sarama) (by the angry one)

• तत्र (tatra) - there (at the sacrifice) (there, in that place)

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - was addressed (said, spoken, addressed)

• अयं (ayaṁ) - this (the dog) (this, he)

• मे (me) - my (my, to me)

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son (son, child)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• किंचित् (kiṁcit) - anything (something, anything)

• अपराध्यति (aparādhyati) - commits any offense (offends, commits a fault)

• किमर्थम् (kimartham) - why (for what purpose, why)

• अभिहतः (abhihataḥ) - was beaten (struck, beaten)

• इति (iti) - marks the end of direct speech (thus, so, indicating direct speech)

• यस्मात् (yasmāt) - since, because (from which, because of which, since)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अयं (ayaṁ) - this one (the dog) (this, he)

• अभिहतः (abhihataḥ) - was struck (struck, beaten)

• अनपकारी (anapakārī) - innocent, harmless (not harming, innocent)

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (from that, therefore)

• अदृष्टं (adṛṣṭaṁ) - unforeseen, unexpected (unseen, invisible, unperceived, unexpected)

• त्वां (tvāṁ) - you (Janamejaya) (you (acc.))

• भयम् (bhayam) - fear or calamity (fear, danger, calamity)

• आगमिष्यति (āgamiṣyati) - will befall (will come, will arrive)

• इति (iti) - marks the end of direct speech (thus, so, indicating direct speech)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he (Janamejaya) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of the passive verb uktaḥ.

तया (tayā) - by her (Sarama) (by her)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agent of the passive verb uktaḥ.

क्रुद्धया (kruddhayā) - by the angry (Sarama) (by the angry one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - angry, enraged

past passive participle

from √krudh (to be angry)

Root: √krudh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies tayā.

तत्र (tatra) - there (at the sacrifice) (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

suffix -tra added to tad

Note: Locative adverb.

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - was addressed (said, spoken, addressed)

(nominal form)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - said, spoken, addressed

past passive participle

from √vac (to speak)

Root: √vac (class 2)

Note: Forms the main predicate "he was addressed".

अयं (ayaṁ) - this (the dog) (this, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Subject of aparādhyati.

मे (me) - my (my, to me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Enclitic form of genitive (or dative).

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son (son, child)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Subject of aparādhyati, in apposition to ayaṃ.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation.

किंचित् (kiṁcit) - anything (something, anything)

(indeclinable)

अपराध्यति (aparādhyati) - commits any offense (offends, commits a fault)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of apā-√rādh

Prefix: apā

Root: √rādh (class 4)

किमर्थम् (kimartham) - why (for what purpose, why)

(indeclinable)

compound of kim (what) + artham (purpose)

Note: Adverbial interrogative.

अभिहतः (abhihataḥ) - was beaten (struck, beaten)

(nominal form)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhihata

abhihata - struck, beaten, smitten

past passive participle

from abhi + √han (to strike, kill)

Prefix: abhi

Root: √han (class 2)

Note: Predicate.

इति (iti) - marks the end of direct speech (thus, so, indicating direct speech)

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks end of the first part of Sarama's speech.

यस्मात् (yasmāt) - since, because (from which, because of which, since)

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of yad

yad - which, who

Note: Often used as an indeclinable causal particle.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

अयं (ayaṁ) - this one (the dog) (this, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Subject.

अभिहतः (abhihataḥ) - was struck (struck, beaten)

(nominal form)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhihata

abhihata - struck, beaten, smitten

past passive participle

from abhi + √han (to strike, kill)

Prefix: abhi

Root: √han (class 2)

Note: Predicate.

अनपकारी (anapakārī) - innocent, harmless (not harming, innocent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anapakārin

anapakārin - not harming, innocent, harmless

negative prefix 'an' + apakārin (one who harms)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+apakārin)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
• apakārin – harming, injuring, one who harms
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  from apā + √kṛ with -in suffix
  Prefix: apā
  Root: √kṛ (class 8)

Note: Qualifies "ayam" (the dog).

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (from that, therefore)

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Used as an indeclinable causal particle, "therefore".

अदृष्टं (adṛṣṭaṁ) - unforeseen, unexpected (unseen, invisible, unperceived, unexpected)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of adṛṣṭa

adṛṣṭa - unseen, unperceived, unknown, unexpected, destiny, fate

negative past passive participle

na + dṛṣṭa (from √dṛś)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dṛṣṭa)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• dṛṣṭa – seen, perceived
  adjective (neuter)
  past passive participle
  from √dṛś (to see)
  Root: √dṛś (class 1)

Note: Qualifies bhayam.

त्वां (tvāṁ) - you (Janamejaya) (you (acc.))

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Object of āgamiṣyati (implied destination/recipient of fear).

भयम् (bhayam) - fear or calamity (fear, danger, calamity)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, terror, danger, calamity

Root: √bhī (class 3)

Note: Subject of āgamiṣyati.

आगमिष्यति (āgamiṣyati) - will befall (will come, will arrive)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of ā-√gam

Prefix: ā

Root: √gam (class 1)

इति (iti) - marks the end of direct speech (thus, so, indicating direct speech)

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks end of Sarama's speech.