महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-3, verse-56

तमुपाध्यायः प्रत्युवाच ।
कथमसि कूपे पतित इति ॥५६॥

56. tamupādhyāyaḥ pratyuvāca ,
kathamasi kūpe patita iti.

56. तम् उपाध्यायः प्रत्युवाच
कथम् असि कूपे पतितः इति

56. The teacher replied to him, "How did you fall into the well?"

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (तम्) - him (him, that)

• उपाध्यायः (उपाध्यायः) - the teacher (teacher, preceptor)

• प्रत्युवाच (प्रत्युवाच) - replied (replied, answered)

• कथम् (कथम्) - how (how, in what manner)

• असि (असि) - you are

• कूपे (कूपे) - in the well

• पतितः (पतितः) - fallen

• इति (इति) - saying (thus, so, saying)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (तम्) - him (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

उपाध्यायः (उपाध्यायः) - the teacher (teacher, preceptor)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upādhyāya

upādhyāya - teacher, preceptor, guru

प्रत्युवाच (प्रत्युवाच) - replied (replied, answered)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of prativac

Prefix: prati

Root: vac (class 2)

कथम् (कथम्) - how (how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

असि (असि) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (lat) of as

Root: as (class 2)

कूपे (कूपे) - in the well

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kūpa

kūpa - well, pit

पतितः (पतितः) - fallen

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of patita

patita - fallen, descended, thrown down

past passive participle

Derived from root pat

Root: pat (class 1)

इति (इति) - saying (thus, so, saying)

(indeclinable)