महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-3, verse-73

ततस्तमश्विनावूचतुः ।
आवाभ्यां पुरस्ताद्भवत उपाध्यायेनैवमेवाभिष्टुताभ्यामपूपः प्रीताभ्यां दत्तः ।
उपयुक्तश्च स तेनानिवेद्य गुरवे ।
त्वमपि तथैव कुरुष्व यथा कृतमुपाध्यायेनेति ॥७३॥

73. tatastamaśvināvūcatuḥ ,
āvābhyāṁ purastādbhavata upādhyāyenaivamevābhiṣṭutābhyāmapūpaḥ prītābhyāṁ dattaḥ ,
upayuktaśca sa tenānivedya gurave ,
tvamapi tathaiva kuruṣva yathā kṛtamupādhyāyeneti.

73. tataḥ tam aśvinau ūcatuḥ āvābhyām purastāt bhavata
upādhyāyena evam eva abhiṣṭutābhyām apūpaḥ prītābhyām
dattaḥ upayuktaḥ ca saḥ tena anivedya gurave tvam
api tathā eva kuruṣva yathā kṛtam upādhyāyena iti

73. Then the two Aśvins addressed him, 'Previously, we gave a cake, being pleased and praised in that very way by your own teacher (upādhyāya). And he (your teacher) consumed it without informing his (own) teacher (guru). You, too, should do the same, just as your teacher did.'

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, afterwards

• तम् (tam) - the student to whom they are speaking (him, that)

• अश्विनौ (aśvinau) - the divine twin physicians, characters in the narrative (the two Aśvins)

• ऊचतुः (ūcatuḥ) - they two (Aśvins) spoke (they two spoke)

• आवाभ्याम् (āvābhyām) - by us two (Aśvins) (by us two, for us two)

• पुरस्तात् (purastāt) - previously, in the past (before, in front of, previously)

• भवत (bhavata) - your (referring to the student's) (your, of your honor)

• उपाध्यायेन (upādhyāyena) - by the student's own preceptor (by the preceptor, by the teacher)

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

• एव (eva) - just so, in that very manner (indeed, only, just)

• अभिष्टुताभ्याम् (abhiṣṭutābhyām) - by us two (Aśvins) who were praised (by the preceptor) (by the two who were praised)

• अपूपः (apūpaḥ) - cake, sweet cake

• प्रीताभ्याम् (prītābhyām) - by us two (Aśvins) who were pleased (by the two who were pleased)

• दत्तः (dattaḥ) - given, presented

• उपयुक्तः (upayuktaḥ) - consumed (the cake) (used, consumed, eaten)

• च (ca) - and, also

• सः (saḥ) - it (the cake) (he, that)

• तेन (tena) - by him (the preceptor) (by him, by that)

• अनिवेद्य (anivedya) - without informing, without reporting

• गुरवे (gurave) - to the teacher, for the teacher

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• अपि (api) - also, even

• तथा (tathā) - likewise (thus, so, in that manner)

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• कुरुष्व (kuruṣva) - do, perform (you, sg.)

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in which way

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - done, made

• उपाध्यायेन (upādhyāyena) - by the preceptor, by the teacher

• इति (iti) - thus, so, indicating a quote

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, afterwards

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

तम् (tam) - the student to whom they are speaking (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of `ūcatuḥ`.

अश्विनौ (aśvinau) - the divine twin physicians, characters in the narrative (the two Aśvins)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of aśvin

aśvin - the Aśvins (divine twins), horse-like

Note: Subject of `ūcatuḥ`.

ऊचतुः (ūcatuḥ) - they two (Aśvins) spoke (they two spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, perfect (lit) of ūca

Perfect

from root vac- (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

आवाभ्याम् (āvābhyām) - by us two (Aśvins) (by us two, for us two)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, dual of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Agent of the passive verb `dattaḥ`.

पुरस्तात् (purastāt) - previously, in the past (before, in front of, previously)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

भवत (bhavata) - your (referring to the student's) (your, of your honor)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhavant

bhavant - your honor, you (polite address)

Present Active Participle

from root bhū- (to be)

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Possessive pronoun modifying `upādhyāyena`.

उपाध्यायेन (upādhyāyena) - by the student's own preceptor (by the preceptor, by the teacher)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of upādhyāya

upādhyāya - preceptor, teacher (especially one who teaches only a part of the Veda)

Note: Agent of the participle `abhiṣṭutābhyām`.

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - just so, in that very manner (indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the preceding word `evam`.

अभिष्टुताभ्याम् (abhiṣṭutābhyām) - by us two (Aśvins) who were praised (by the preceptor) (by the two who were praised)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, dual of abhiṣṭuta

abhiṣṭuta - praised, extolled

Past Passive Participle

from root stu- with prefix abhi-

Prefix: abhi

Root: stu (class 2)

Note: Agrees with `āvābhyām`, describing the Aśvins.

अपूपः (apūpaḥ) - cake, sweet cake

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apūpa

apūpa - cake, bread, sweet cake

Note: Subject of the passive verb `dattaḥ`.

प्रीताभ्याम् (prītābhyām) - by us two (Aśvins) who were pleased (by the two who were pleased)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, dual of prīta

prīta - pleased, delighted, satisfied

Past Passive Participle

from root prī- (to please, delight)

Root: prī (class 9)

Note: Agrees with `āvābhyām`, describing the Aśvins.

दत्तः (dattaḥ) - given, presented

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of datta

datta - given, granted

Past Passive Participle

from root dā- (to give)

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Predicate adjective in a passive construction with `apūpaḥ`.

उपयुक्तः (upayuktaḥ) - consumed (the cake) (used, consumed, eaten)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upayukta

upayukta - used, employed, consumed, eaten

Past Passive Participle

from root yuj- with prefix upa-

Prefix: upa

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Predicate adjective modifying `saḥ` (the cake).

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

सः (saḥ) - it (the cake) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तेन (tena) - by him (the preceptor) (by him, by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agent of the passive `upayuktaḥ`.

अनिवेद्य (anivedya) - without informing, without reporting

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund) with negation

from root vid- (to know) in causal (ṇic) with prefix ni-, then the suffix -ya to form the gerund, and finally prefixed by 'a-' for negation

Prefixes: a+ni

Root: vid (class 4)

Note: Gerund (absolutive) indicating an action not performed before the main action.

गुरवे (gurave) - to the teacher, for the teacher

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of guru

guru - teacher, preceptor (guru)

Note: The dative case is used with verbs of informing (like `nivedya`).

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Subject of `kuruṣva`.

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes `tvam`.

तथा (tathā) - likewise (thus, so, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of manner.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the preceding word `tathā`.

कुरुष्व (kuruṣva) - do, perform (you, sg.)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of kṛ

Imperative

from root kṛ- (to do)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Middle voice imperative.

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in which way

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a comparison.

कृतम् (kṛtam) - done, made

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed

Past Passive Participle

from root kṛ- (to do)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicate adjective in a passive construction, literally 'as was done'.

उपाध्यायेन (upādhyāyena) - by the preceptor, by the teacher

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of upādhyāya

upādhyāya - preceptor, teacher (especially one who teaches only a part of the Veda)

Note: Agent of the passive participle `kṛtam`.

इति (iti) - thus, so, indicating a quote

(indeclinable)

Note: Signals the end of a direct quote.