महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-3, verse-42

स तथेत्युक्त्वा गा अरक्षत् ।
रक्षित्वा च पुनरुपाध्यायगृहमागम्योपाध्यायस्याग्रतः स्थित्वा नमश्चक्रे ॥४२॥

42. sa tathetyuktvā gā arakṣat ,
rakṣitvā ca punarupādhyāyagṛhamāgamyopādhyāyasyāgrataḥ sthitvā namaścakre.

42. saḥ tathā iti uktvā gāḥ arakṣat | rakṣitvā ca punaḥ
upādhyāya-gṛham āgamya upādhyāyasya agrataḥ sthitvā namaḥ cakre

42. Saying, "So be it," he guarded the cows. And having guarded them, he returned to the teacher's house, stood before the teacher, and offered his salutations.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - the student (he)

• तथा (tathā) - "so be it", "yes, sir" (so, thus, in that manner)

• इति (iti) - marks the end of direct speech (here, the student's agreement) (thus, so)

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said

• गाः (gāḥ) - cows

• अरक्षत् (arakṣat) - he guarded, he protected

• रक्षित्वा (rakṣitvā) - having guarded, having protected

• च (ca) - and, also

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, back, further

• उपाध्याय-गृहम् (upādhyāya-gṛham) - teacher's house

• आगम्य (āgamya) - having come

• उपाध्यायस्य (upādhyāyasya) - of the teacher

• अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - in front of (the teacher) (in front, before)

• स्थित्वा (sthitvā) - having stood, having remained

• नमः (namaḥ) - his obeisance (salutation, bow, reverence)

• चक्रे (cakre) - he offered (obeisance) (he did, he made)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - the student (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तथा (tathā) - "so be it", "yes, sir" (so, thus, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

इति (iti) - marks the end of direct speech (here, the student's agreement) (thus, so)

(indeclinable)

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said

(indeclinable)

Root: vac (class 2)

गाः (gāḥ) - cows

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox, earth

Note: Accusative plural of go (f.).

अरक्षत् (arakṣat) - he guarded, he protected

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of rakṣ

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: With augment 'a-' for past tense.

रक्षित्वा (rakṣitvā) - having guarded, having protected

(indeclinable)

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects actions.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, back, further

(indeclinable)

उपाध्याय-गृहम् (upādhyāya-gṛham) - teacher's house

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of upādhyāya-gṛha

upādhyāya-gṛha - teacher's house

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (upādhyāya+gṛha)

• upādhyāya – teacher, preceptor
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  from upa-adhi-i (to go/study), meaning one who studies under or teaches
  Root: i (class 2)
• gṛha – house, home
  noun (neuter)

आगम्य (āgamya) - having come

(indeclinable)

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

उपाध्यायस्य (upādhyāyasya) - of the teacher

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of upādhyāya

upādhyāya - teacher, preceptor

agent noun

from upa-adhi-i (to go/study), meaning one who studies under or teaches

Root: i (class 2)

अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - in front of (the teacher) (in front, before)

(indeclinable)

from agra + tasil

स्थित्वा (sthitvā) - having stood, having remained

(indeclinable)

Root: sthā (class 1)

नमः (namaḥ) - his obeisance (salutation, bow, reverence)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of namas

namas - bow, reverence, salutation, adoration

चक्रे (cakre) - he offered (obeisance) (he did, he made)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (liṭ) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)