महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-3, verse-38

स तथेत्युक्त्वा पुनररक्षद्गाः ।
रक्षित्वा चागम्य तथैवोपाध्यायस्याग्रतः स्थित्वा नमश्चक्रे ॥३८॥

38. sa tathetyuktvā punararakṣadgāḥ ,
rakṣitvā cāgamya tathaivopādhyāyasyāgrataḥ sthitvā namaścakre.

38. saḥ tathā iti uktvā punaḥ arakṣat gāḥ rakṣitvā ca āgamya
tathā eva upādhyāyasya agrataḥ sthitvā namaḥ cakre

38. Having said, "So be it," he again guarded the cows. After guarding them, he returned, stood before the teacher as before, and offered his salutations.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (Upamanyu) (he, that)

• तथा (tathā) - so, thus (so, thus, in that manner)

• इति (iti) - thus (ending the quote) (thus, so (marks direct speech))

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said (having said, having spoken)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, furthermore)

• अरक्षत् (arakṣat) - guarded (guarded, protected, watched over)

• गाः (gāḥ) - cows (cows, oxen)

• रक्षित्वा (rakṣitvā) - after guarding (them) (having guarded, after guarding)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• आगम्य (āgamya) - having returned (having come, approached)

• तथा (tathā) - in the same way (so, thus, in that manner)

• एव (eva) - as before (just, only, indeed)

• उपाध्यायस्य (upādhyāyasya) - of the teacher (of the teacher, to the teacher)

• अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - in front of (in front of, before)

• स्थित्वा (sthitvā) - having stood (having stood, having remained)

• नमः (namaḥ) - salutations (salutation, obeisance)

• चक्रे (cakre) - offered (made salutations) (made, did, performed)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (Upamanyu) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तथा (tathā) - so, thus (so, thus, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

इति (iti) - thus (ending the quote) (thus, so (marks direct speech))

(indeclinable)

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said (having said, having spoken)

(indeclinable)

gerund

gerund (absolutive) of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, furthermore)

(indeclinable)

अरक्षत् (arakṣat) - guarded (guarded, protected, watched over)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of rakṣ

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

गाः (gāḥ) - cows (cows, oxen)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox, cattle

रक्षित्वा (rakṣitvā) - after guarding (them) (having guarded, after guarding)

(indeclinable)

gerund

gerund (absolutive) of √rakṣ

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

आगम्य (āgamya) - having returned (having come, approached)

(indeclinable)

gerund

gerund (absolutive) of ā-√gam

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - in the same way (so, thus, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - as before (just, only, indeed)

(indeclinable)

उपाध्यायस्य (upādhyāyasya) - of the teacher (of the teacher, to the teacher)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of upādhyāya

upādhyāya - teacher, preceptor, instructor

अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - in front of (in front of, before)

(indeclinable)

स्थित्वा (sthitvā) - having stood (having stood, having remained)

(indeclinable)

gerund

gerund (absolutive) of √sthā

Root: sthā (class 1)

नमः (namaḥ) - salutations (salutation, obeisance)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of namas

namas - bow, obeisance, adoration, salutation

चक्रे (cakre) - offered (made salutations) (made, did, performed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past perfect (lit) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)