महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-3, verse-184

स एवमुक्तस्तु नृपोत्तमेन द्विजोत्तमः पुण्यकृतां वरिष्ठः ।
उवाच राजानमदीनसत्त्वं स्वमेव कार्यं नृपतेश्च यत्तत् ॥१८४॥

184. sa evamuktastu nṛpottamena; dvijottamaḥ puṇyakṛtāṁ variṣṭhaḥ ,
uvāca rājānamadīnasattvaṁ; svameva kāryaṁ nṛpateśca yattat.

184. saḥ evam uktaḥ tu nṛpottamena
dvijottamaḥ puṇyakṛtām variṣṭhaḥ
uvāca rājānam adīnasattvam svam
eva kāryam nṛpateḥ ca yat tat

184. That best of Brahmins, foremost among those who perform meritorious deeds, thus addressed by the excellent king, then spoke to the king, who possessed an undaunted spirit, regarding his own duty and that which is proper for a king.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (the sage) (he, that)

• एवम् (evam) - thus (as just spoken by the king) (thus, in this manner)

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - addressed (by the king) (said, spoken, addressed)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed (mild adversative or emphatic) (but, yet, on the other hand)

• नृपोत्तमेन (nṛpottamena) - by the excellent king (by the best of kings)

• द्विजोत्तमः (dvijottamaḥ) - the best of Brahmins (the sage) (best of Brahmins, chief of the twice-born)

• पुण्यकृताम् (puṇyakṛtām) - among those who perform virtuous acts (of those who perform meritorious deeds)

• वरिष्ठः (variṣṭhaḥ) - foremost, most excellent (best, most excellent, most eminent)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he spoke (he said, he spoke)

• राजानम् (rājānam) - to the king (the king)

• अदीनसत्त्वम् (adīnasattvam) - possessing an undaunted spirit (having an undaunted/unfailing spirit)

• स्वम् (svam) - his own (duty/task) (one's own, his own)

• एव (eva) - indeed, precisely (only, just, indeed)

• कार्यम् (kāryam) - his (the king's) own duty or task (task, duty, action to be done)

• नृपतेः (nṛpateḥ) - of a king (what is proper for a king) (of the king)

• च (ca) - and

• यत् (yat) - that which (is) (which, what)

• तत् (tat) - that (duty/task) (that, it)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (the sage) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of uvāca.

एवम् (evam) - thus (as just spoken by the king) (thus, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying uktaḥ.

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - addressed (by the king) (said, spoken, addressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - said, spoken, uttered, addressed

past passive participle

from root vac- 'to speak'

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Qualifies dvijottamaḥ.

तु (tu) - but, indeed (mild adversative or emphatic) (but, yet, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

नृपोत्तमेन (nṛpottamena) - by the excellent king (by the best of kings)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of nṛpottama

nṛpottama - best of kings, excellent king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛpa+uttama)

• nṛpa – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  From nṛ 'man' + pā 'to protect'
• uttama – highest, best, chief, principal
  adjective
  Superlative of ud- or adhi-

Note: Agent of 'uktaḥ'.

द्विजोत्तमः (dvijottamaḥ) - the best of Brahmins (the sage) (best of Brahmins, chief of the twice-born)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvijottama

dvijottama - best of Brahmins, excellent Brahmin

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvija+uttama)

• dvija – twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya), bird, tooth
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – highest, best, chief, principal
  adjective
  Superlative of ud- or adhi-

Note: Refers to the sage and is the subject of uvāca.

पुण्यकृताम् (puṇyakṛtām) - among those who perform virtuous acts (of those who perform meritorious deeds)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of puṇyakṛt

puṇyakṛt - one who performs meritorious acts, virtuous person

agent noun

From puṇya 'virtue' and root kṛ 'to do'

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (puṇya+kṛt)

• puṇya – virtuous, good, meritorious act, virtue
  adjective (neuter)
• kṛt – making, doing, performing (agentive suffix)
  agent noun
  agent noun
  From root kṛ- 'to do'
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Governed by variṣṭhaḥ.

वरिष्ठः (variṣṭhaḥ) - foremost, most excellent (best, most excellent, most eminent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of variṣṭha

variṣṭha - best, most excellent, most eminent, chief

Superlative of vari (from vara or vṛ-)

Note: Qualifies dvijottamaḥ.

उवाच (uvāca) - he spoke (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

राजानम् (rājānam) - to the king (the king)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Direct object of uvāca.

अदीनसत्त्वम् (adīnasattvam) - possessing an undaunted spirit (having an undaunted/unfailing spirit)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of adīnasattva

adīnasattva - of undaunted spirit, firm-minded

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+dīna+sattva)

• a – not, un-, without
  prefix
• dīna – depressed, dejected, humble, poor
  adjective
  past passive participle
  from root dī- 'to decay, be sad'
  Root: dī (class 4)
• sattva – being, existence, essence, spirit, courage
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies rājānam.

स्वम् (svam) - his own (duty/task) (one's own, his own)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sva

sva - one's own, self, property

Note: Qualifies kāryam.

एव (eva) - indeed, precisely (only, just, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

कार्यम् (kāryam) - his (the king's) own duty or task (task, duty, action to be done)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kārya

kārya - work, business, task, to be done

future passive participle

from root kṛ- 'to do'

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of implied 'spoke about'.

नृपतेः (nṛpateḥ) - of a king (what is proper for a king) (of the king)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler

From nṛ 'man' + pā 'to protect'

Note: Possessive, referring to what is 'for a king'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

यत् (yat) - that which (is) (which, what)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun, anticipating tat.

तत् (tat) - that (duty/task) (that, it)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Correlative pronoun with yat, referring to 'that which is (proper)'.