महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-3, verse-46

स तथेति प्रतिज्ञाय गा रक्षित्वा
पुनरुपाध्यायगृहानेत्य गुरोरग्रतः स्थित्वा नमश्चक्रे ॥४६॥

46. sa tatheti pratijñāya gā rakṣitvā
punarupādhyāyagṛhānetya guroragrataḥ sthitvā namaścakre.

46. saḥ tathā iti pratijñāya gāḥ rakṣitvā punar upādhyāya
gṛhān etya guroḥ agrataḥ sthitvā namaḥ cakre

46. He assented, saying, "So be it," and after tending the cows, he returned to the teacher's house, stood before his preceptor, and bowed in reverence.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (the student) (he, that)

• तथा (tathā) - thus, 'so be it' (thus, so, in that way)

• इति (iti) - indicating the end of the student's statement (thus, so, end of quote)

• प्रतिज्ञाय (pratijñāya) - having assented (to the teacher's command) (having promised, having assented, having recognized)

• गाः (gāḥ) - cows

• रक्षित्वा (rakṣitvā) - having tended (the cows) (having protected, having guarded, having tended)

• पुनर् (punar) - again (again, anew, back)

• उपाध्याय गृहान् (upādhyāya gṛhān) - to the teacher's house (to the teacher's houses)

• एत्य (etya) - having come (having gone, having come)

• गुरोः (guroḥ) - of the teacher (of the teacher, from the teacher)

• अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - before (the teacher) (in front of, before)

• स्थित्वा (sthitvā) - having stood (having stood, having remained)

• नमः (namaḥ) - obeisance, bow (homage, salutation, bow)

• चक्रे (cakre) - he made (obeisance), he bowed (he made, he did)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (the student) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तथा (tathā) - thus, 'so be it' (thus, so, in that way)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used in direct speech.

इति (iti) - indicating the end of the student's statement (thus, so, end of quote)

(indeclinable)

प्रतिज्ञाय (pratijñāya) - having assented (to the teacher's command) (having promised, having assented, having recognized)

(verb)

active, past of pratijñā

absolutive

Prefix: prati

Root: jñā (class 9)

गाः (gāḥ) - cows

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox, cattle, earth, ray of light

Note: Object of rakṣitvā.

रक्षित्वा (rakṣitvā) - having tended (the cows) (having protected, having guarded, having tended)

(verb)

active, past of rakṣ

absolutive

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

पुनर् (punar) - again (again, anew, back)

(indeclinable)

उपाध्याय गृहान् (upādhyāya gṛhān) - to the teacher's house (to the teacher's houses)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of upādhyāyagṛha

upādhyāyagṛha - teacher's house/home

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (upādhyāya+gṛha)

• upādhyāya – teacher, preceptor
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from upa- + adhi-i-
  Prefix: upa
  Root: i (class 2)
• gṛha – house, home, dwelling
  noun (neuter)

Note: Plural accusative indicating motion towards.

एत्य (etya) - having come (having gone, having come)

(verb)

active, past of i

absolutive

Root: i (class 2)

गुरोः (guroḥ) - of the teacher (of the teacher, from the teacher)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of guru

guru - teacher, preceptor, heavy, important

अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - before (the teacher) (in front of, before)

(indeclinable)

Suffix -tas

स्थित्वा (sthitvā) - having stood (having stood, having remained)

(verb)

active, past of sthā

absolutive

Root: sthā (class 1)

नमः (namaḥ) - obeisance, bow (homage, salutation, bow)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of namas

namas - bow, obeisance, homage, worship

Note: Often used as an indeclinable namaḥ. Here it functions as a noun, object of cakre.

चक्रे (cakre) - he made (obeisance), he bowed (he made, he did)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (lit) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: ātmanepada form.