महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-3, verse-37

तमुपाध्यायः प्रत्युवाच ।
ममानिवेद्य भैक्षं नोपयोक्तव्यमिति ॥३७॥

37. tamupādhyāyaḥ pratyuvāca ,
mamānivedya bhaikṣaṁ nopayoktavyamiti.

37. tam upādhyāyaḥ prati uvāca mama
anivedya bhaikṣam na upayoktavyam iti

37. The teacher replied to him, "Alms should not be consumed without first informing me."

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (Upamanyu) (him, that)

• उपाध्यायः (upādhyāyaḥ) - the teacher (teacher, preceptor)

• प्रति (prati) - in reply (part of 'pratyuvāca') (towards, against, in return)

• उवाच (uvāca) - replied (combined with 'prati') (said, spoke)

• मम (mama) - to me (my, to me)

• अनिवेद्य (anivedya) - without informing (me) (without informing, not having announced)

• भैक्षम् (bhaikṣam) - alms (alms, begged food)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• उपयोक्तव्यम् (upayoktavyam) - ought to be consumed (ought to be used/consumed, proper to use)

• इति (iti) - thus (ending the quote) (thus, so (marks direct speech))

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (Upamanyu) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

उपाध्यायः (upādhyāyaḥ) - the teacher (teacher, preceptor)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upādhyāya

upādhyāya - teacher, preceptor, instructor

प्रति (prati) - in reply (part of 'pratyuvāca') (towards, against, in return)

(indeclinable)

उवाच (uvāca) - replied (combined with 'prati') (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Part of compound verb 'pratyuvāca'

मम (mama) - to me (my, to me)

(pronoun)

singular of aham

aham - I

अनिवेद्य (anivedya) - without informing (me) (without informing, not having announced)

(indeclinable)

gerund

gerund (absolutive) formed from ni-√vid with nañ prefix

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (na+nivedya)

• na – not
  indeclinable
• nivedya – having informed, to be informed
  indeclinable
  gerund
  gerund (absolutive) of √vid with prefix ni-
  Prefix: ni
  Root: vid (class 6)

भैक्षम् (bhaikṣam) - alms (alms, begged food)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhaikṣa

bhaikṣa - alms, begged food

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

उपयोक्तव्यम् (upayoktavyam) - ought to be consumed (ought to be used/consumed, proper to use)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of upayoktavya

upayoktavya - to be used, fit for use, to be consumed

future passive participle

formed from upa-√yuj + -tavya

Prefix: upa

Root: yuj (class 7)

इति (iti) - thus (ending the quote) (thus, so (marks direct speech))

(indeclinable)