महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-3, verse-53

अथ तस्मिन्ननागच्छत्युपाध्यायः शिष्यानवोचत् ।
मयोपमन्युः सर्वतः प्रतिषिद्धः ।
स नियतं कुपितः ।
ततो नागच्छति चिरगतश्चेति ॥५३॥

53. atha tasminnanāgacchatyupādhyāyaḥ śiṣyānavocat ,
mayopamanyuḥ sarvataḥ pratiṣiddhaḥ ,
sa niyataṁ kupitaḥ ,
tato nāgacchati ciragataśceti.

53. atha tasmin anāgacchati upādhyāyaḥ
śiṣyān avocat mayā upamanyuḥ sarvataḥ
pratiṣiddhaḥ saḥ niyatam kupitaḥ
tataḥ na āgacchati ciragataḥ ca iti

53. Then, when he did not return, the teacher said to his students: "Upamanyu has been completely forbidden by me (to eat anything). He is certainly angry. That is why he is not returning, and he has been gone for a long time."

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - when he (Upamanyu) (in that, when that (person))

• अनागच्छति (anāgacchati) - (when he was) not returning (not coming, not returning)

• उपाध्यायः (upādhyāyaḥ) - teacher, preceptor

• शिष्यान् (śiṣyān) - to the students

• अवोचत् (avocat) - said, spoke

• मया (mayā) - by me

• उपमन्युः (upamanyuḥ) - Upamanyu (proper name)

• सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - completely, entirely (completely, entirely, from all sides)

• प्रतिषिद्धः (pratiṣiddhaḥ) - forbidden, prohibited

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• नियतम् (niyatam) - certainly, assuredly

• कुपितः (kupitaḥ) - angry, enraged

• ततः (tataḥ) - therefore, that is why (therefore, thence, from that)

• न (na) - not

• आगच्छति (āgacchati) - returns (comes, returns)

• चिरगतः (ciragataḥ) - long gone, having gone for a long time

• च (ca) - and

• इति (iti) - thus, (marks end of direct speech)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

(indeclinable)

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - when he (Upamanyu) (in that, when that (person))

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Used in locative absolute construction with anāgacchati

अनागच्छति (anāgacchati) - (when he was) not returning (not coming, not returning)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of anāgacchat

anāgacchat - not coming, not approaching, not returning

present participle

Negative prefix an- with present participle of ā-gam

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (an+āgacchat)

• an – not, non-
  indeclinable
• āgacchat – coming, approaching, returning (present participle)
  adjective (masculine)
  present participle
  Prefix: ā
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used in locative absolute construction

उपाध्यायः (upādhyāyaḥ) - teacher, preceptor

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upādhyāya

upādhyāya - teacher, preceptor, spiritual instructor

शिष्यान् (śiṣyān) - to the students

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śiṣya

śiṣya - student, pupil, disciple

future passive participle

Derived from root √śās (to teach)

Root: śās (class 2)

अवोचत् (avocat) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I

उपमन्युः (upamanyuḥ) - Upamanyu (proper name)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upamanyu

upamanyu - Upamanyu (name of a sage/disciple)

सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - completely, entirely (completely, entirely, from all sides)

(indeclinable)

प्रतिषिद्धः (pratiṣiddhaḥ) - forbidden, prohibited

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratiṣiddha

pratiṣiddha - forbidden, prohibited, prevented

past passive participle

Prefix: prati

Root: sidh (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

नियतम् (niyatam) - certainly, assuredly

(indeclinable)

कुपितः (kupitaḥ) - angry, enraged

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kupita

kupita - angry, enraged, disturbed

past passive participle

Root: kup (class 4)

ततः (tataḥ) - therefore, that is why (therefore, thence, from that)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

आगच्छति (āgacchati) - returns (comes, returns)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of ā-gam

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

चिरगतः (ciragataḥ) - long gone, having gone for a long time

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ciragata

ciragata - long gone, having departed for a long time, delayed

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (cira+gata)

• cira – long (time), slow, lasting
  adjective (neuter)
• gata – gone, departed, reached
  adjective (masculine)
  past passive participle
  Root: gam (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

इति (iti) - thus, (marks end of direct speech)

(indeclinable)