महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-3, verse-114

तं पौष्यः प्रत्युवाच ।
एतत्तदेवं हि ।
न गच्छतोपस्पृष्टं भवति न स्थितेनेति ॥११४॥

114. taṁ pauṣyaḥ pratyuvāca ,
etattadevaṁ hi ,
na gacchatopaspṛṣṭaṁ bhavati na sthiteneti.

114. tam pauṣyaḥ pratyuvāca etat tat evam hi na
gacchata upaspṛṣṭam bhavati na sthitena iti

114. Pauṣya replied to him: "Indeed, that is exactly how it is. Impurity (from eating) does not occur to one who is going, nor by one who is standing."

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (Uttaṅka) (him, that (accusative masculine))

• पौष्यः (pauṣyaḥ) - Pauṣya (Pauṣya (nominative))

• प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - he replied (he replied, he spoke back)

• एतत् (etat) - this (statement, fact) (this, it)

• तत् (tat) - that (is) (that, it)

• एवम् (evam) - thus (thus, in this manner)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for)

• न (na) - not

• गच्छत (gacchata) - to one who is going (while moving) (of one going)

• उपस्पृष्टम् (upaspṛṣṭam) - impurity incurred (from eating) (touched, ritually tainted)

• भवति (bhavati) - happens, occurs (is, becomes, happens)

• न (na) - nor (not)

• स्थितेन (sthitena) - by one who is standing (by one standing, by being in a state of rest)

• इति (iti) - end of quote (thus, so (quotation marker))

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (Uttaṅka) (him, that (accusative masculine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

पौष्यः (pauṣyaḥ) - Pauṣya (Pauṣya (nominative))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pauṣya

pauṣya - Pauṣya (name of a king)

प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - he replied (he replied, he spoke back)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Prefix: prati

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: prati + uvāca -> pratyuvāca (yaṇ sandhi)

एतत् (etat) - this (statement, fact) (this, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, it

Note: Refers to the idea that Uttaṅka is ucchiṣṭa.

तत् (tat) - that (is) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Forms a phrase 'etat tat' - 'this is that' or 'that is this'.

एवम् (evam) - thus (thus, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

गच्छत (gacchata) - to one who is going (while moving) (of one going)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of gacchat

gacchat - going, moving

present active participle

participle from root gam, used substantively or adjectivally

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Implies 'to one who is in the state of going.'

उपस्पृष्टम् (upaspṛṣṭam) - impurity incurred (from eating) (touched, ritually tainted)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of upaspṛṣṭa

upaspṛṣṭa - touched, stained, defiled

past passive participle

participle from root spṛś with upa, used here as a neuter noun or impersonal passive verb

Prefix: upa

Root: spṛś (class 6)

Note: Acts as the implied subject of 'bhavati'.

भवति (bhavati) - happens, occurs (is, becomes, happens)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

न (na) - nor (not)

(indeclinable)

स्थितेन (sthitena) - by one who is standing (by one standing, by being in a state of rest)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sthita

sthita - stood, standing, situated, existing

past passive participle

participle from root sthā, used substantively or adjectivally

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Implies 'by one who is in the state of standing.'

इति (iti) - end of quote (thus, so (quotation marker))

(indeclinable)