महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-3, verse-44

स उपाध्यायं प्रत्युवाच ।
भो एतासां गवां पयसा वृत्तिं कल्पयामीति ॥४४॥

44. sa upādhyāyaṁ pratyuvāca ,
bho etāsāṁ gavāṁ payasā vṛttiṁ kalpayāmīti.

44. saḥ upādhyāyam pratyuvāca | bhoḥ etāsām
gavām payasā vṛttim kalpayāmi iti

44. He replied to the teacher, "Sir, I sustain myself with the milk of these cows."

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - the student (he)

• उपाध्यायम् (upādhyāyam) - to the teacher

• प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - replied, answered

• भोः (bhoḥ) - O! Sir!

• एतासाम् (etāsām) - of these (feminine)

• गवाम् (gavām) - of cows

• पयसा (payasā) - by milk, with milk

• वृत्तिम् (vṛttim) - livelihood, sustenance

• कल्पयामि (kalpayāmi) - I manage, I sustain (I arrange, I prepare, I imagine)

• इति (iti) - marks the end of direct speech (thus, so)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - the student (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

उपाध्यायम् (upādhyāyam) - to the teacher

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of upādhyāya

upādhyāya - teacher, preceptor

agent noun

from upa-adhi-i (to go/study), meaning one who studies under or teaches

Root: i (class 2)

प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - replied, answered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of prati-vac

Prefix: prati

Root: vac (class 2)

भोः (bhoḥ) - O! Sir!

(indeclinable)

vocative particle, from bhavat

Root: bhū (class 1)

एतासाम् (etāsām) - of these (feminine)

(pronoun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Agrees with gavām.

गवाम् (gavām) - of cows

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox, earth

Note: Genitive plural of go (f.).

पयसा (payasā) - by milk, with milk

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of payas

payas - milk, water, fluid

वृत्तिम् (vṛttim) - livelihood, sustenance

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vṛtti

vṛtti - livelihood, conduct, mode of life, subsistence

action noun

root vṛt + ktin

Root: vṛt (class 1)

कल्पयामि (kalpayāmi) - I manage, I sustain (I arrange, I prepare, I imagine)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of kalpay

causative

root kḷp + ṇic (causative)

Root: kḷp (class 1)

Note: From causative stem kalpayati.

इति (iti) - marks the end of direct speech (thus, so)

(indeclinable)