महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-3, verse-82

तस्य महता कालेन गुरुः परितोषं जगाम ।
तत्परितोषाच्च श्रेयः सर्वज्ञतां चावाप ।
एषा तस्यापि परीक्षा वेदस्य ॥८२॥

82. tasya mahatā kālena guruḥ paritoṣaṁ jagāma ,
tatparitoṣācca śreyaḥ sarvajñatāṁ cāvāpa ,
eṣā tasyāpi parīkṣā vedasya.

82. tasya mahatā kālena guruḥ paritoṣam jagāma tatparitoṣāt ca
śreyaḥ sarvajñatām ca avāpa eṣā tasya api parīkṣā vedasya

82. After a long time, the teacher was greatly pleased with him. From that satisfaction, the student attained ultimate well-being (śreyas) and omniscience. This, moreover, was also the test of Veda (the student).

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - with him (referring to the student) (of him, to him, for him)

• महता (mahatā) - by a long, by a considerable (time) (by great, by large)

• कालेन (kālena) - after a long period of time (by time, in time)

• गुरुः (guruḥ) - the teacher (the one who instructed Veda) (teacher, preceptor, heavy, important)

• परितोषम् (paritoṣam) - satisfaction (with the student) (satisfaction, contentment, pleasure)

• जगाम (jagāma) - attained, reached (satisfaction) (went, attained, reached)

• तत्परितोषात् (tatparitoṣāt) - from that satisfaction (of the guru) (from that satisfaction, owing to that satisfaction)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - ultimate well-being (śreyas) (ultimate good, welfare, prosperity, superior)

• सर्वज्ञताम् (sarvajñatām) - omniscience (complete knowledge) (omniscience, state of knowing everything)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अवाप (avāpa) - obtained (ultimate well-being and omniscience) (obtained, reached, gained)

• एषा (eṣā) - this (referring to the test) (this (feminine))

• तस्य (tasya) - his (referring to the student Veda) (of him, to him, for him)

• अपि (api) - also, moreover (also, even, too)

• परीक्षा (parīkṣā) - test (of his dedication and capability) (test, examination, trial)

• वेदस्य (vedasya) - of Veda (the student, as named in verse 37207) (of Veda (sacred knowledge), of Veda (person))

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - with him (referring to the student) (of him, to him, for him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Here used with a sense of 'in regard to him' or 'towards him'.

महता (mahatā) - by a long, by a considerable (time) (by great, by large)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, vast, noble

Note: Qualifies `kālena`.

कालेन (kālena) - after a long period of time (by time, in time)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, season, period, death

Note: Indicates duration or means.

गुरुः (guruḥ) - the teacher (the one who instructed Veda) (teacher, preceptor, heavy, important)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of guru

guru - teacher, spiritual preceptor (guru), heavy, important

परितोषम् (paritoṣam) - satisfaction (with the student) (satisfaction, contentment, pleasure)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of paritoṣa

paritoṣa - satisfaction, contentment, pleasure

From 'pari' (around) + 'tuṣ' (to be satisfied) + ghañ.

Prefix: pari

Root: tuṣ (class 4)

Note: Object of `jagāma` (attained/went to).

जगाम (jagāma) - attained, reached (satisfaction) (went, attained, reached)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of gam

Perfect Active

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice. From root 'gam' (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

तत्परितोषात् (tatparitoṣāt) - from that satisfaction (of the guru) (from that satisfaction, owing to that satisfaction)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of tatparitoṣa

tatparitoṣa - that satisfaction, his satisfaction

Compound type : tatpurusha (tad+paritoṣa)

• tad – that, his
  pronoun (neuter)
• paritoṣa – satisfaction, contentment, pleasure
  noun (masculine)
  From 'pari' (around) + 'tuṣ' (to be satisfied) + ghañ.
  Prefix: pari
  Root: tuṣ (class 4)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - ultimate well-being (śreyas) (ultimate good, welfare, prosperity, superior)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śreyas

śreyas - ultimate good, welfare, prosperity, superior, excellent

Comparative form of 'śrī' or 'praśasta', but used as a noun meaning 'ultimate good'.

सर्वज्ञताम् (sarvajñatām) - omniscience (complete knowledge) (omniscience, state of knowing everything)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sarvajñatā

sarvajñatā - omniscience, state of knowing everything

Derived from 'sarvajña' (omniscient) + 'tā' suffix (feminine abstract noun). 'sarvajña' from 'sarva' (all) + 'jña' (knower).

Compound type : tatpurusha (sarva+jña)

• sarva – all, every
  pronoun
• jña – knower, knowing
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'jñā' (to know) + ka suffix.
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Object of `avāpa`.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

अवाप (avāpa) - obtained (ultimate well-being and omniscience) (obtained, reached, gained)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of avāp

Perfect Active

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice. From root 'āp' (to obtain) with prefix 'ava'.

Prefix: ava

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: The student is the implied subject.

एषा (eṣā) - this (referring to the test) (this (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of etad

etad - this

Note: Qualifies `parīkṣā`.

तस्य (tasya) - his (referring to the student Veda) (of him, to him, for him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अपि (api) - also, moreover (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle.

परीक्षा (parīkṣā) - test (of his dedication and capability) (test, examination, trial)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of parīkṣā

parīkṣā - test, examination, trial, investigation

From 'pari' (around) + 'īkṣ' (to see, examine) + a suffix.

Prefix: pari

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative for 'eṣā'.

वेदस्य (vedasya) - of Veda (the student, as named in verse 37207) (of Veda (sacred knowledge), of Veda (person))

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of veda

veda - knowledge, sacred knowledge, Veda; name of a person

From root 'vid' (to know)

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Refers to the student Veda.